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Plasma thyroid hormones and corticosterone levels in blood of chicken embryos and post hatch chickens exposed during incubation to 1800 MHz electromagnetic field

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Pawlak K., Sechman A., Nieckarz Z.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2014
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vol. 27
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issue 1
114-122
EN
Introduction: This study attempted to determine the effect of a 1800 MHz electromagnetic field (EMF) (only carrier frequency) on thyroxine (T₄), triiodothyronine (T₃) and corticosterone (CORT) concentrations in the blood plasma of chick embryos, and to investigate the effect of electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure during embryogenesis on the level of these hormones in birds that are ready for slaughter. Material and Methods: Throughout the incubation period, embryos from the experimental group were exposed to a 1800 MHz EMF with power density of 0.1 W/m², 10 times during 24 h for 4 min. Blood samples were collected to determine T₄, T₃ and CORT concentrations on the 12th (E12) and 18th (E18) day of incubation, from newly hatched chicks (D1) and from birds ready for slaughter (D42). Results: The experiment showed that T₄ and T₃ concentrations decreased markedly and CORT levels increased in the embryos and in the newly hatched chicks exposed to EMF during embryogenesis. However, no changes were found in the level of the analyzed hormones in the birds ready for slaughter. Differences in T₄ and T₃ plasma concentrations between the EMF-exposed group and the embryos incubated without additional EMF were the highest in the newly hatched chicks, which may be indicative of the cumulative effect of electromagnetic field on the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis (HPT). Discussion: The obtained results suggest that additional 1800 MHz radio frequency electromagnetic field inhibits function of HPT axis, however, it stimulates hypothalamo- pituitary-adrenal axis by inducing adrenal steroidogenic cells to synthesize corticosterone. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which radio EMFs affect HPT and HPA axis function in the chicken embryos.
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Oxidative stress and antioxidants markers in individuals with thyroid hormones dysfunction

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Omon E. A., Ajay O. D.
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
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2023
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issue 4
768-775
EN
Introduction and aim. Thyroid hormone abnormalities have been associated with oxidative changes in human beings. The aim of the study was to evaluate the oxidative stress marker and antioxidants status in individuals with thyroid hormone dysfunction in Ekiti State. Material and methods. A total of eighty samples were recruited in this study comprising forty subjects with thyroid hormones dysfunction and forty apparently healthy controls. Malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase were determined spectrophotometerically. Results. MDA was non-significantly higher (p>0.05) in subjects (4.33±0.84 nmol/mL) compared with control (4.12±0.63 nmol/mL), catalase was non-significantly higher (p>0.05) in subjects (199.36±20.21 µm/mL) compared with control (181.55±16.61 µm/mL), while GSH was significantly lower (p<0.05) in subjects (79.31±10.12 µmol/mL) compared with control (127.21±7.29 µmol/mL). Conclusion. It can be concluded that the increase in the reactive oxygen species accompanied with impairment of the antioxidant system occurs in patients with thyroid hormone dysfunction. Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism induces disequilibrium of the oxidative/anti-oxidative balance that can lead to subsequent development of inflammation and associated diseases.
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Effects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers on thyroid hormone, neurodevelopment and fertility in rodents and humans

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Czerska M., Zieliński M., Kamińska J., Ligocka D.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2013
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vol. 26
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issue 4
498-510
EN
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are used as flame retardants. Due to their widespread use in many consumer products, PBDEs can be found in food as well as in the environment. Their presence has also been found in the human serum, human adipose tissue and human breast milk. Results of experimental studies suggest that the presence of PBDE in the environment is not neutral to our health. In rats and mice exposed to PBDE disturbances in thyroid hormone homeostasis and reproductive system such as changes in reproductive organs weight and disorders in sperm motility and motion were found. In rodents, pre- and postnatal exposure to PBDE can cause neurobehavioral effects. Also in humans disturbances in thyroid hormone system, weight of reproductive organs and concentrations of sex hormones associated with PBDEs serum concentrations were found. Exposure to PBDEs during pregnancy may lead to slower mental and psychomotor development in infants. In this paper the results of previous animal a nd human studies are reviewed.
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