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EN
The legislator imposes a number of obligations on Member States to combat the illegal harvest of timber resulting from Regulations No. 2173/2005 and 995/2010. Member States should ensure that effective, proportionate and dissuasive sanctions are applied for infringement of the provisions of this Regulation, including by entities, traders and monitoring organizations. The rules of liability for infringement of the provisions of EU regulations No. 2173/2005 and 995/2010 are regulated by the the Forest Act in Art. 66a-66i. As a rule, the Polish legislator has complied the obligation to introduce sanctions for infringements of the UE regulations to prevent the marketing of illegally harvested timber and timber products. The measures introduced as a administrative sanctions can be assessed as sufficient in the context of effectiveness features, because they are applicable to administrative enforcement and may be treated as public law fees. From the proportionality point of view, certain legal conditions for determining the amount of penalties, such as the value of timber and timber products in the light of the Article 66f 2 of the Forest Act, are too vague, because they have no reference criterion. The legislator may impose a specific criterion for evaluation, eg. in relation to the level of income achieved.
EN
From the perspective of the Port of Szczecin, Spain had never been a serious trade partner, which was influenced by many unfavourable factors. However, on both the Prussian and Spanish sides, attempts were made to establish closer trade contacts. This text aims to show that direct trade between Spain and Pomerania existed, even though it was not as repres- entative as the connection with Denmark, the Netherlands or England, but it supplements the knowledge about the geography of Szczecin’s trade contacts. To that end, timber trade was shown on the backdrop of Szczecin’s exchange with other ports connected to the main Pomeranian port with long-established trade ties. The text was based on press information published in the weekly Wochentlich-Stettinische Frag- und Anzeigungs-Nachrichten. The information gathered from the newspaper was confronted with the data contained in digit- ised Sound Dues registers. A comparative analysis of the data from those sources shows that in the years 1750–1760 Spain was not an important trade partner for Szczecin. Deliveries to the Spanish market in the years 1750–1760 accounted for a share that did not exceed 1% of all Szczecin’s export. This was due to the outbreak of the Seven Years’ War, which prevented the execution of the plan in the last two years of the analysed decade, and in the stronger commercial position of other Baltic ports, such as Gdańsk or Riga, among other things.
PL
Z punktu widzenia portu w Szczecinie, Hiszpania nigdy nie była poważnym partnerem handlowym, na co wpłynęło wiele niekorzystnych czynników. Zarówno jednak po stronie pruskiej, jak i hiszpańskiej podjęto próby nawiązania bliższych kontaktów handlowych. W tekście chciano więc wykazać, że handel bezpośredni między Hiszpanią a Pomorzem istniał, choć nie był tak reprezentatywny jak ten prowadzony z Danią, Holandią czy Anglią. Artykuł uzupełnia wiedzę o geografii kontaktów handlowych Szczecina. Handel drewnem dlatego przedstawiono na tle wymiany Szczecina z innymi portami połączonymi tradycyjnymi więzami gospodarczymi z głównym portem Pomorza. Tekst powstał na podstawie informacji prasowych opublikowanych w tygodniku Wochentlich-Stettinische Frag- und Anzeigungs-Nachrichten. Informacje uzyskane podczas analizy gazety zostały skonfrontowane z dany- mi zawartymi w zdigitalizowanych rejestrach ceł sundzkich. Z zestawienia danych z wy- mienionych źródeł wynika, że w latach 1750–1760 Hiszpania nie była ważnym partnerem handlowym Szczecina. Dostawy na rynek hiszpański w latach 1750–1760 stanowiły udział nieprzekraczający 1% całego eksportu Szczecina. Przyczyn takiej sytuacji upatruje się m.in. w wybuchu wojny siedmioletniej, która uniemożliwiła realizację planu w ostatnich dwóch latach analizowanego dziesięciolecia oraz w silniejszej pozycji handlowej innych portów bałtyckich, takich jak Gdańsk czy Ryga.
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