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Gender Features of Time Allocation, Gender Stereotypes and Labour Supply

100%
Arnania-Kepuladze T.
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
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2011
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vol. 6
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issue 3
EN
Securing the well-being, protection of human rights and equality on the ground of age, gender, race, nationality etc along with sustainable economic development becomes the most important goal for any country. Gender differences in labor market are a problem of many countries. Being a larger demographic group, women have played a vital role in employment and economic development. Despite longstanding striving for gender equality, the inequality manifests itself in labor markets around the world. There is no common opinion on the reasons of the existence of gender differences in economic literature. After decades of research most investigators would agree that there can be no single-factor explanation for gender inequality in the labor market. One of the conventional explanations of gender gap in employment sphere includes the differences in men’s and women’s preferences in working hours due their stereotypical roles in the private and public life. This paper is focused on the study of gender feature of time allocation and its impact on the labor supply by men and women. For this purpose, based on the different types of activity, particular: income getting or in­co­me increasing promote activity, non-monetary inco­me obtain activity, income-make activity, non-income-make activity, indirect-receipts activity, the author introduces the time allocation model which includes parameters such as working time, leisure, non-working time, using time, free time and time for satisfying an individual’s physiological needs. For the attribution of different types of practice to certain kinds of activity the “principle of dominant purpose of activity” was offered. According to given time allocation model, the  pattern of features of labor supply by men and women is offered in the paper.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
2
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Examining Similarities in Time Allocation Amongst European Countries

75%
Hozer-Koćmiel M., Lis C.
Statistics in Transition new series
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2016
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vol. 17
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issue 2
217-330
EN
The aim of the article is to analyse the similarities between the selected European countries in terms of time allocation. Time allocation has been defined as the daily distribution of time to various activities. Professional work time, domestic work time and leisure time are the most important for the economic approach. It has been proved that there are coherent groups of countries with similar structure of time allocation. The taxonomic methods used in order to verify the thesis included: cluster analysis, k-means method, generalised distance measure GDM and interval taxonomic method TMI. The analysis was performed on the basis of HETUS data.
3

Modelling Of The Relation Between Sustainable Development And Time Allocation In BSR Countries

75%
Hozer-Koćmiel M.
Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia
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2014
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vol. 14
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issue 2
211-224
EN
The aim of the article is to propose a simple Taxonomic Measure of Sustainable Development and to measure its relation with the time allocation. The research follows the scheme: i) the construction of the TMSD; ii) the regression analysis of the TMSD and time allocation variables; iii) the comparative analysis of the TMSD in 2004 and 2012 followed by the interpretation of the results. The authors formulated the thesis about the relation between the level of sustainable development and the time allocation. The research shows that the more equal time allocation between men and women, the more sustainably developed the economy. This is probably because women live in a more sustainable way than men1. Also, the measure illustrates well how strongly differentiated the BSR countries are in terms of sustainable development. The most favourable situation was observed in Scandinavian countries and Norway. In most of the countries the level of sustainable development rose over the time of observation.
4
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Proměny výuky dějepisu pohledem analýzy školních vzdělávacích programů

75%
Jireček M.
Historie – Otázky – Problémy (History, Issues, Problems)
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2023
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vol. 15
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issue 2
17-38
EN
The paper offers an analysis of history curricula in lower secondary schools. It looks at the independence (vs. integration) of history as a subject, the time allocated to it and the presence of modern history in the curriculum. The results are compared with previous findings and placed in a wider context.
5
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Does time allocation matter in promotion decisions? – case study of women managers in Aptiv Krakow Tech Center

63%
Zachorowska-Mazurkiewicz A., Szyndera-Sołtysik M.
Studia Humanistyczne AGH
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2019
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vol. 18
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issue 4
45-58
PL
Każdego dnia ludzie podejmują decyzje związane z równoważeniem życia zawodowego i prywatnego. Decyzje te wpływają na wiele aspektów ich życia, włączając w to ścieżki kariery zawodowej. W artykule wskazano powiązania między alokacją czasu a karierą zawodową. Mężczyźni stanowią większość wśród osób zatrudnionych na wysokich stanowiskach menedżerskich, a w prezentowanym opracowaniu staramy się dociec, czy alokacja czasu ma znaczenie przy przyjmowaniu propozycji awansu zawodowego przez kobiety i mężczyzn. Nasze rozważania rozpoczynamy przeglądem literatury dotyczącej alokacji czasu i zatrudnienia, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem zatrudnienia na stanowiskach menedżerskich. Następnie omawiamy badania empiryczne, które miały dwojaki charakter. Najpierw zaprezentowana została analiza danych pochodzących z badania budżetu czasu, a następnie studium przypadku menedżerów zatrudnionych w krakowskim centrum technicznym Aptiv. Głównym wnioskiem nasuwającym się w wyniku przeprowadzonych badań jest to, że alokacja czasu wydaje się barierą głównie dla kobiet. Jednak warto również zwrócić uwagę, że w indywidualnych historiach menedżerów z Aptiv nie pojawia się ona jako bariera uniwersalna.
EN
Each day people make decisions regarding work-life balance, and these decisions impact many aspects of their lives, including career paths. In our article we point towards the relation between time and professional careers. There are more men than women in higher managerial positions and we inquire if time allocation matters when men and women choose to accept promotion or not. We start with a literature review regarding these issues, followed by empirical studies. The empirical studies have a twofold character. First, we conduct analysis of time-use data, and then we present the case study of managers in Aptiv Krakow Tech Center. As a result of the conducted studies, it seems that time is a constraint especially for women, although in terms of the stories of individual managers it is not evident as a universal barrier.
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