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Toponyma v názvech českých hraných filmů

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Volejník R.
Acta onomastica
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2017
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vol. 58
150-157
EN
This article deals with toponyms in the names of Czech and Czechoslovak films from the years 1898‒2010. This topic will be also a part of author’s forthcoming dissertation about the names of Czech films. There are only 173 names which contain toponyms from the total amount of 2,293 movie titles. Toponyms are categorized into groups according to lexical denotation. The names of films usually indicate a place where the movie is set in, a place important for the plot of the film or film theme. These are mainly the names of states and territories, names of towns, their parts and streets, buildings and names of mountains and hills. Toponyms often determine the place of origin of the main character too. Most of toponyms refer to the topography of the Czech Republic and the absolutely majority of toponyms refer to the city of Prague. Most of toponyms reflect the reality and has a Czech form.
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V Gruntě a Špicberk : toponyma německého původu v pohraničí v současnosti : (na příkladu vybraných obcí Jesenicka)

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Klemensová T.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2017
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vol. 100
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issue 5
301-311
EN
This paper focuses on the toponyms (place names, field names) and the linguistic landscape in the Czech borderlands in the Jeseník region. Based on a combination of qualitative approaches (interviews with the locals) and quantitative ones (analysis of the toponyms in the linguistic landscape), the functions of German geographical names (and the German language in general) in this area are evaluated. The relationship of both local residents and local entrepreneurs to the German place and field names is also explored. The analysis reveals that the names of German origin are sometimes maintained and even revitalized. The revitalization of such names is influenced more by local entrepreneurs than by the local residents.
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Collectivization and nationalization of agriculture in Czechoslovakia : changes of rural landscape - and namescape?

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Štěpán P.
Acta onomastica
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2019
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vol. 60
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issue 1
130-137
EN
The article investigates how the political changes (namely the suppression of the individual ownership of land) and the subsequent changes of the landscape influenced the change of the “namescape” in rural localities in the Czech Republic. The analysed data come from the survey of non-settlement names from the territory of Bohemia, organized in the years 1963–1980. In many localities, the new tracts of land came into existence no sooner than in this period, therefore this survey enables us to trace their names in statu nascendi, in the course of their being formed. The names of the newly created tracts of land often had many variants, they were not regularly used, and generally they displayed many traits of instability. The situation strongly differed from one locality to another. In some villages no large tracts of land could come into existence due to hard terrain conditions. In some localities, all the names of the new tracts of land are formed by adoption of the original field names without any changes.
CS
Článek se zabývá vlivem politických změn (konkrétně potlačením individuálního vlastnictví půdy) a následných proměn krajiny na pomístní jména v českých venkovských lokalitách. Analyzovaný materiál pochází ze soupisů pomístních jmen z území Čech z let 1963–1980. V mnoha obcích vznikaly nové hony až v tomto období, díky soupisům proto může sledovat jejich jména in statu nascendi, v okamžiku jejich vzniku. Jména nově vytvořených honů často měla mnoho variant, nebyla užívána pravidelně a celkově byla velmi nestabilní. Situace se velmi lišila lokalitu od lokality. V některých obcích rozlehlé hony nemohly vzniknout kvůli obtížným terénním podmínkám. V některých lokalitách vznikla všechna pojmenování honů převzetím původních názvů polí bez jakýchkoli změn.
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Metonymic namegiving from a cognitive perspective

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Reszegi K.
Národopisný věstník
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2022
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vol. 63
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issue 1
206-225
EN
The paper focuses on metonymic toponyms relying on the findings of cognitive metonymy studies. In this framework, metonymy is seen as a cognitive process used for conceptualization, in which one conceptual entity (the source) provides mental access to another conceptual entity (the target). Proper names are also involved in cognitive metonymy research but only metonymic use of proper names has been examined. Places, however, may appear in metonymic processes also as target entities, i.e., as the object to be referred to. In such cases a unique spatial object is named by referring to a contiguous thing using its common noun or proper name denomination. After a brief introduction into the cognitive theory of metonymy, the paper provides an overview and a reinterpretation of the results of onomastic research along the main conceptual schemes of metonymic place namegiving. The overview of metonymic schemes reveals that a large part of the associations in toponyms are used specifically for the creation of elements of this proper name type and their linguistic realization occurs partly differently than in the case of common noun metonymy. It is also emphasized that there may be significant differences between languages in terms of the linguistic realization of the different metonymic schemes: a) without any formal change in the linguistic form of the designation of the source entity, b) with formants or c) lexical elements attached. In this respect, the characteristics of the language and the impact of the already existing metonymic toponyms are decisive. Therefore, all metonymically-motivated names need to be considered to gain more nuanced insights into how the mechanism of metonymy manifests itself in namegiving. By reinterpreting metonymic namegiving within the framework of cognitive metonymy theory, we also expand our knowledge on the cognitive mechanism of metonymy.
CS
Článek se zaměřuje na metonymická toponyma a vychází z výzkumů kognitivní metonymie. Metonymie je zde chápána jako kognitivní proces využívaný pro konceptualizaci, kdy jedna konceptuální entita (zdroj) umožňuje mentální přístup k další konceptuální entitě (cíl). Vlastní jména jsou také do výzkumu kognitivní metonymie zahrnuta, ale zatím bylo zkoumáno pouze využití vlastních jmen jakožto zdroje pro metonymická pojmenování. Místa se však v metonymických procesech mohou objevit také jako cílová entita, tzn. jako objekt, ke kterému se odkazuje. V těchto případech je jedinečný prostorový objekt nazván odkazem na sousední nebo blízký objekt tím, že se použije jeho obecné označení (apelativum), nebo vlastní jméno (proprium). Kromě stručného úvodu do kognitivní metonymické teorie přináší článek přehled a reinterpretaci výsledků onomastického bádání spolu s hlavními konceptuálními schématy metonymického pojmenování míst. Přehled metonymických schémat ukazuje, že velká část asociací v toponymech je použita konkrétně za účelem vytváření prvků tohoto typu vlastního jména a jejich jazyková realizace se částečně odlišuje od využití metonymie u apelativ. Mezi jednotlivými jazyky mohou být výrazné rozdíly, pokud jde o realizace jednotlivých metonymických schémat, která se mohou projevovat následovně: a) bez jakékoliv formální změny jazykové podoby označení zdrojové entity, b) s pomocí formantů, c) s využitím lexikálních jednotek. V tomto ohledu jsou rozhodující vlastnosti daného jazyka a vliv už existujících metonymických toponym. Pro lepší pochopení metonymických mechanismů v procesech pojmenování je tedy nutné brát v úvahu všechna metonymicky motivovaná jména. Reinterpretace metonymického pojmenování v rámci kognitivní metonymické teorie napomáhá lepšímu pochopení celkového kognitivního mechanismu metonymie.
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The Italianization of place names in occupied Yugoslavia during World War II

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Fontanot R.
Acta onomastica
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2019
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vol. 60
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issue 1
36-44
EN
The article aims at giving an overview of the process of Italianization of local place names carried out by Fascist Italy in the Yugoslav territories occupied during World War II. A great difference emerges among the three zones under the Italian control. In southern Slovenia, devoid of Italians, the Slovenian names were kept in use. However, in Dalmatia, one of the so-called “unredeemed lands”, with a long-standing presence of the Italian language due to centuries of Venetian rule, many names were changed but only the most important settlements were taken into consideration. In the hinterland of Fiume, overwhelmingly Croatian-speaking, but annexed to an already existing Italian province, all the settlement names (around 350) were given an Italian form. The article analyzes the different strategies employed by the local Italian authorities: restoration of the historical Italian name, adaptation or translation of the Slavic one, and coining of a new form.
CS
Text podává přehled procesu italianizace toponym, který se odehrával v Jugoslávii okupované fašistickou Itálií během 2. světové války, a to na příkladu tří zón pod italskou kontrolou, které vykazují velké rozdíly. V jižním Slovinsku, bez italského obyvatelstva, byla slovinská jména zachována. Naproti tomu v Dalmácii, jedné z tzv. neosvobozených zemí, s dlouhou přítomností italštiny danou stoletími benátského panství, bylo změněno mnoho jmen, ale zde se zabýváme pouze názvy nejdůležitějších míst. Ve vnitrozemí Fiume, s převahou chorvatsky hovořícího obyvatelstva, avšak připojeného do již existující italské provincie, všechna místní jména (cca 350) byla změněna. Text analyzuje rozdílné strategie používané místními italskými úřady: obnovování historických italských jmen, adaptace nebo přenos slovanských názvů a vytváření nových pojmenování.
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Psaní velkých písmen u toponym v češtině: polemický pohled:

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Štěpán P.
Acta onomastica
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2020
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vol. 61
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issue 2
417-439
EN
The article points out the most striking problems of the Czech codification of capitalisation in toponyms in which disagreement with onomastic theory is displayed. The first part of the paper focuses on capitalisation in prepositional toponyms, mostly street names. According to the new codification, valid since 1993, in prepositional toponyms the word following the preposition should be always written with a capital letter. This rule has not been respected by some local authorities (including the Prague municipal authority) or by the Czech Office for Surveying, Mapping and Cadastre. The second part, forming the core of the paper, argues against the theory of the so-called generic and proper-name component of a naming unit which is used for explaining the principles of codification of proper names’ capitalisation. According to the author, this theory is in contradiction with onomastic principles. The last (and shortest) part deals with capitalisation in toponyms containing two subsequent adjectives. The character of the paper is polemical; it points at the inconsistency of the current codification of proper names’ capitalisation in Czech, as well as recent treatises on this topic. The aim of the paper is not to provoke an instant and impetuous codification change, but to stimulate a discussion on this topic.
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Homonymie mezi apelativy a proprii jako problém automatické morfologické analýzy češtiny

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Osolsobě K., Žižková H.
Acta onomastica
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2020
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vol. 61
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issue 1
161-174
EN
The aim of this paper is to provide a corpus-based analysis of one type of Czech proper nouns (type Zubří). We will argue that the adequate annotation (lemmatisation and morphological tagging) of proper nouns type Zubří depends on several circumstances: 1) the coverage of the dictionary of the automatic analyser; 2) the accurate description of the variability of inflexion forms; 3) the non-trivial disambiguation of numerous homonymous word forms. We believe that while meeting the first two conditions is possible, the adequate disambiguation goes beyond the possibilities of automatic morphological analysis.
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Metodologické problémy onomastické lexikografie na příkladu zpracování hydronymie povodí řeky Ostravice

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Kovářová K.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2019
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vol. 102
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issue 3
193-204
EN
The aim of this study is to describe the making of a hydronomastic lexicon. There are differences between ordinary lexicographic work and onomastics lexicography, the reason for these being the specificity of proper names, in this case hydronyms. In addition to the Hydronymia Slovaciae methodology project, which was written as an adaptation of the Hydronymia Europaea project, this study presents some methodological problems and their solutions. Every solution is illustrated with examples.
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Výklady místních jmen na oficiálních webových stránkách obcí

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Štěpán P.
Národopisný věstník
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2022
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vol. 63
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issue 2
464-482
EN
The paper analyses interpretations of place names on the official websites of Czech municipalities. Not only folk etymology, but also quoting official scientific etymologies is investigated. Relationships between the individual interpretations of a toponym are examined. Interpretations on websites often depart directly from folk etymologies, sometimes borrowed from municipal chronicles. On the other hand, some websites present official scientific interpretations or they even refer to authorities in the field of linguistics. The scientific interpretation is often compared to the folk one, often stating which one is considered to be more probable. However, folk etymologies are sometimes preferred to scientific interpretations. Folk interpretations may be based on important factual knowledge, for example awareness of the older form of the toponym, but this does not assure the correctness of the interpretation.
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Nazwa miejscowa Swolszewice, dawniej Swodziszewice

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Witczak K. T.
Acta onomastica
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2023
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vol. 64
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issue 1
184-202
EN
The article deals with the origin of the names of two Polish villages: Swolszewice Duże and Swolszewice Małe (near Wolbórz, central Poland), attested as Swodziszewice (maior and minor) in the 15th and 16th centuries. The development of the form Swodziszewice to Swolszewice should not be treated as an onomastic enigma. The following series of phonological processes may be posited: Swodziszewicze > (1) *Swodźszewice > (2) *Swoćszewice > (3) *Swojszewice > (4) Swolszewice [sfolʃeˈv́iʦe]. The article explains all the changes which have occurred in the place name under discussion, namely (1) a syncope of the vowel [i] caused by a change of the Old Polish stress; (2) a loss of voiced character of phoneme dź [ʥ] before the voiceless sibilant sz [ʃ]); (3) an anticipation of softness, motivating the change of ć [ʨ] to j [j] before a sibilant; (4) a regional (folk) assimilation of [j] to [ľ] > [l] in the dialect of the Wolbórz area (cf. Old Polish place name Wojboŕ, now Wolbórz).
CS
Tento článek se věnuje původu názvu dvou polských vesnic: Swolszewice Duże a Swolszewice Małe (blízko města Wolbórz ve středním Polsku), které jsou v 15. a 16. století doloženy jako Swodziszewice (maior a minor). Změna názvu Swodziszewice na Swolszewice není žádnou onomastickou záhadou. Předpokládaná série fonologických procesů je následující: Swodziszewicze > (1) *Swodźszewice > (2) *Swoćszewice > (3) *Swojszewice > (4) Swolszewice [sfolʃeˈv́iʦe]. Článek vysvětluje všechny změny, které v daném názvu proběhly, konkrétně (1) synkopa samohlásky [i], ke které došlo vlivem změny přízvuku ve staré polštině; (2) ztráta znělosti fonému dź [ʥ] před neznělou sykavkou sz [ʃ]); (3) předpoklad změkčení, který motivoval změnu ć [ʨ] na j [j] před sykavkou; (4) regionální asimilace [j] na [ľ] > [l], která proběhla v nářečí oblasti města Wolbórz (srov. staropolský název Wojboŕ, nyní Wolbórz).
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Name creation as an interpretation of the incomprehensible. Traditional popular names of cave art sites in Spanish speech communities

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Ruhstaller S.
Acta onomastica
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2021
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vol. 62
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issue 1
114-129
EN
Long before their discovery by scientists in the late 19th century, many places with prehistoric rock paintings were well known among the traditional inhabitants of the surrounding areas. These speech communities, which completely lacked any kind of historical or archaeological knowledge, created names by which they could describe and identify the sites of the enigmatic findings. Linguistic and cultural analysis of the proper names thus coined makes it possible to reconstruct the popular reception of the phenomenon we now consider rock art, and highlights the mechanisms by which realities that are beyond objective comprehension are designated among speakers characterized by language competences limited to everyday rural speech and by the parameters of popular Hispanic culture and beliefs.
CS
Již dlouho předtím, než vědci na konci 19. století tyto lokality popsali, byla přítomnost prehistorických nástěnných jeskynních maleb místním obyvatelům dobře známá. Tito lidé, členové místních komunit bez jakýchkoliv dějepisných či archeologických znalostí, pro ně vytvořili jména, pomocí nichž by mohli tato místa záhadných nálezů lépe popsat a identifikovat. Jazykovědná a kulturní analýza takto vytvořených jmen umožňuje rekonstruovat, jak bylo umění nástěnných jeskyních maleb lidovou tradicí vnímáno a přijímáno, přičemž klade důraz na mechanismy, které byly pro tehdejší mluvčí mimo možnosti objektivního chápání reality, přičemž jazykové kompetence těchto lidí se omezovaly na běžnou lidovou mluvu v rámci hispánských lidových kultur a jejich místních pověr.
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Mezi Vlčí roklí a Stalinovou pasekou. Toponymie Adršpašsko-teplických skal jako pramen pro studium paměti sudetské krajiny

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Ptáčníková M.
Acta onomastica
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2024
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vol. 65
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issue 1
169-190
EN
Famed for the impressive sandstone towers, deep ravines and powerful spirit of the place, the Adršpach-Teplice Rocks in the north-east of Bohemia are a popular tourist spot. This contribution investigates the toponymy of the Rocks from the 18th century, when tourists started to flock here, until present. Readers are reminded of place names that were conceived as having a strong advertising function – this is because their aim was to attract new tourists. These include e.g. Švýcarské údolí (Swiss Valley), Itálie (Italy), Krakonošova harfa (The Lord of the Mountains’ Harp), and Goetheho jeskyně (Goethe’s Cave). Place names created by gamekeepers and filmmakers are also mentioned – the former include Stalinova paseka (Stalin’s Clearing) while U partyzána (At the Partisan’s) is an example of the latter. We seek to provide a contrastive analysis of the toponymy of the Adršpach-Teplice Rocks and other areas with sandstone rocks situated elsewhere in the Czech Republic, also focusing on how the post-Second World War demographic transformation of the Czechoslovak border areas was reflected in the toponymy of the Rocks. The conclusion of the contribution also addresses place names found in information panels that are some of the constituents of the contemporary linguistic landscape of the Rocks.
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Socioonomastika - lze ji vymezit jako samostatnou disciplínu?

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Rausová J.
Onomastica
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2017
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vol. 61
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issue 1
281-293
EN
This study is focused on scholarship on proper names within a sociolinguistic framework. The main aim of this study is to clarify the term socio-onomastics and its meaning and usage with regards to toponomastics. Special attention is paid to the genesis of socio-onomastics and to the relations between sociolinguistics, onomastics and socio-onomastics. The influence of social aspects on the act of naming and on the entire existence of names is also taken into consideration when discussing the use of socio-onomastics. The text discusses views and attitudes towards the topic presented in linguistic literature. The socio-onomastic aspects are predominantly studied in scholarship on personal names, e.g. name creation and choice. In the case of place names, they are studied more rarely and the research pays attention mostly to the usage of place names in communication. Available toponomastic and anthroponomastic works using the term socio-onomastics in their description have been analyzed, as well as theoretical onomastic literature, producing several findings of differences in the usage of this term. The main topics of socio-antroponomastic literature are anthroponymy of various social groups, social aspects of name choice, social aspects of the development of naming systems, popularity of names, nicknames, hypocorisms and slang naming. The socio-toponomastic works mainly deal with the toponymy of various social groups, toponymic competence (knowledge and usage of toponyms), non-standardized toponyms, slang toponyms, social-based toponyms (commemorative toponyms), social-based renaming, and the linguistic landscape.
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Varianty a variování zeměpisných názvů v českém politickém diskurzu 1945-1989:

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David J., Rupińska A.
Acta onomastica
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2020
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vol. 61
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issue 2
299-310
EN
The study is aimed at variants and variation of place names in the Czech political discourse in the period between 1945 and 1989. It is illustrated with the place names Podkarpatská Rus / Zakarpatská Ukrajina (Carpathian Ruthenia / Zakarpatia), Bahía de Cochinos / Zátoka sviní (Bahía de Cochinos / Bay of Pigs), and Falklandy / Malvíny (the Falkland Islands / Islas Malvinas). The usage of a particular form (variant) and the substitution of a place name for its variant reflect the process of their politicization and ideological presentation in that-time political journalism. It also shows their usage in symbolic and metaphorical ways through their occurrences in specific collocations. The analysis is based on the Rudé právo newspaper, the official medium of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia.
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Settlement names referring to Czech settlers in medieval Hungary

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Rácz A.
Acta onomastica
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2023
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vol. 64
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issue 1
157-171
EN
There are no Hungarian written sources from the time preceding the Conquest. Latin-language written culture in Hungary emerged with the establishment of the Kingdom of Hungary in the Carpathian Basin (in 1000 with the coronation of St. Stephen) and the conversion to Christianity. The early Latin (less frequently Greek) written sources created at this time (charters, chronicles, etc.) contain Hungarian words and expressions only sporadically and they were mostly proper names designating places. These, however, due to their early appearance and low number have proved to be truly valuable in studies of historical linguistics. Historical studies also greatly rely on the conclusions drawn from them when exploring the early history of Hungarians and they attempt to describe the ethnic and population history of the contemporary Carpathian Basin also in consideration of the results of historical linguistics concerning the semantic and etymological features of names and their origin. In this respect, the settlement names rooted in ethnonyms have a key role as they also shed light on relations between Hungarians and other peoples. In this paper, I study those settlement names that may refer to Western Slavic settlers designated by the cseh ethnonym in medieval Hungarian language.
CS
Z doby před dobytím neexistují žádné maďarsky psané památky. Písemné památky zaznamenané v latině se objevily v době založení maďarského království v Panonské pánvi (r. 1000 korunovace sv. Štěpána) a konverze ke křesťanství. Rané latinsky (a méně často také řecky) psané prameny vytvořené v tomto období (listiny, kroniky apod.) obsahují maďarská slova a výrazy pouze sporadicky a většinou se jedná o vlastní jména označující místa. To se ovšem s ohledem na jejich stáří a malý počet ukázalo být opravdu cenné pro historicko-lingvistický výzkum. Historické vědy na jejich závěry spoléhají při studiu rané historie Maďarů a také do značné míry usilují o popis vývoje etnicity a osídlení v současné Panonské pánvi v souladu s výsledky historické jazykovědy. V tomto ohledu hrají místní jména vycházející z etnonym klíčovou roli, protože napomáhají vysvětlovat vztahy mezi Maďary a dalšími národy. V tomto článku jsou zkoumána místní jména, která mohou odkazovat k západoslovanským osadníkům, kteří byli označováni ve středověké maďarštině etnonymem cseh.
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Ke změnám českých oikonym v letech 1996-2017

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Štěpán P.
Acta onomastica
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2018
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vol. 59
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issue 1
215-226
EN
The article analyses the official changes of the names of municipalities and their parts in the years 1996-2017. 59 changes were recorded; an absolute majority of these changes involve minor formal alterations of the existing names, consisting of minor phonological changes (mostly changes in the vowel quantity), adding a distinctive attribute (or its deletion), etc. Most of the changes, which are made without any opinion of onomasticians or other linguists, are unproblematic from the onomastic point of view. However, some of them (mostly those based on a folk etymology of the name) are disputable, or even entirely unsuitable. Special attention is paid to an exceptional case of changing the place name Táborská to Vlastislav. This is the only case of a change of an oikonym to a form that has no relationship to the original name. Before 2016, the toponym Táborská belonged to a part of the municipality of Hazlov in the westernmost part of Bohemia. This locality (originally Seichenreuth) obtained its Czech name after the World War II, when a majority of the original German names were changed after the displacement of German inhabitants from Sudetenland. In the late 1940s, the local representatives tried to enforce the name Vlastislav for the given village; the motivation of this name was political: it was to express relations to the homeland - "vlast". This name was not approved by the toponymical committee, and the village finally got a new name Táborská in 1961. However, the name Vlastislav was not forgotten in the locality: in 2016, the local authority decided to rename Táborská to Vlastislav and this change came into effect immediately.
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Thematization of place names in opinion journalism : Czech exile politicians’ radio speeches between 1938 and 1945

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Davidová Glosarová J., David J.
Acta onomastica
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2019
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vol. 60
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issue 1
7-23
EN
This text focuses on place names and their thematization in Czech opinion journalism in the mid-20th century. After describing general features of the thematization of proper names and the ways in which this process is accomplished – i.e. (re-)semantization through the use of collocations, onymic allusions, and symbolization –, the authors turn their attention to a qualitative textual analysis of political speeches. The collection consists of radio speeches given by exiled Czech politicians based in London and Moscow during the Second World War. The texts reflect a broad spectrum of Czech politicians, ranging from democrats (Edvard Beneš, Prokop Drtina, Jan Masaryk, Jaroslav Stránský, Jan Šrámek) to Communists and their sympathizers (Zdeněk Fierlinger, Klement Gottwald, Zdeněk Nejedlý).
CS
Studie se zabývá toponymy a jejich tematizací v české publicistice 20. století. Na pozadí obecných charakteristik tematizace proprií a způsobů její realizace, např. (re)sémantizace prostřednictvím kolokací, onymických aluzí a symbolizace, se zaměřuje na kvalitativní textovou analýzu politických projevů. Analyzovaný korpus textů zahrnuje rozhlasové projevy českých exilových politiků působících v době druhé světové války v Londýně a Moskvě. Texty odrážejí širokou škálu politického spektra, od demokratů (Edvard Beneš, Prokop Drtina, Jan Masaryk, Jaroslav Stránský, Jan Šrámek) ke komunistům a jejich sympatizantům (Zdeněk Fierlinger, Klement Gottwald, Zdeněk Nejedlý).
18
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Tematizace toponym v memoárových textech (na příkladu měst Hradec Králové a Písek)

80%
David J., Davidová Glogarová J.
Acta onomastica
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2019
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vol. 60
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issue 2
199-211
EN
The goal of the study is to present memoir texts as an important and rich source for onomastic research. The analysis is focused on usage, predominantly on thematization of place names in texts referring to the Czech cities of Hradec Králové and Písek. There are examined the following topics: the city name and urban names forms and appearances in the texts, the relationship between standardized and non-standardized forms of urban names, and etymology and interpretation of the selected urban names in the memoir texts. Place names in the texts are used in different ways – except the fact they identify particular objects and create urban space, they evoke emotional recollections of authors’ childhoods; they are also examined as the formative part of social group identity.
19
Content available remote

Polná - a toponym that has become a symbol

80%
Dvořáková Ž.
Acta onomastica
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2019
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vol. 60
|
issue 1
24-35
EN
In our minds, many toponyms are connected with important historical or mythical events. This paper is focused on the toponym Polná and some proper names related to this town. Polná was one of many small sleepy towns in the Vysočina region. Everything changed with the murder of Anežka Hrůzová in 1899. The rumours of a “ritual murder” spread and the local Jew Leopold Hilsner was charged with the crime. It was the beginning of a great anti-Semitic hysteria and Polná became the most watched place in the monarchy. The whole affair was publicized in our country and abroad. After more than 100 years the city of Polná is still associated with this murder, the Hilsner Affair and the tragic judicial error. It became a part of the common knowledge and culture of Czech people. The history is still alive and projected into the image of the town. At the scene of the act (called U Anežky) there is a symbolic grave which is often visited by tourists and by Czech nationalists. On the town square we can go for lunch at U Hilsnera Restaurant. Nearby we can find a former Jewish ghetto still unofficially called Židák (Žid = ‘Jew’) even though no Jews live here today.
CS
Mnoho toponym si v mysli spojujeme s důležitými historickými nebo mytologickými událostmi. Tento příspěvek je zaměřen na toponymum Polná a některá pomístní jména spjatá s tímto městem. Polná byla malé, ospalé městečko na Vysočině. Vše se změnilo vraždou Anežky Hrůzové v roce 1899. Začaly se šířit spekulace o „rituální vraždě“ a ze zločinu byl obviněn místní židovský mladík Leopold Hilsner. Tak začala veliká antisemitská hysterie a Polná se stala jedním z nejsledovanějších míst tehdejší monarchie. Celá aféra byla medializována u nás i v cizině. Po více než 100 letech je město Polná stále asociováno s touto vraždou, Hilsnerem a tragickým justičním omylem. Stala se součástí české všeobecné encyklopedie a kultury. Historie je stále živá a projektuje se do „image“ města. Místo činu (zvané U Anežky), kde je symbolický hrob, je často navštěvováno turisty i českými nacionalisty. Na náměstí si můžeme zajít na oběd do restaurace U Hilsnera. A nedaleko leží bývalé židovské ghetto, stále neoficiálně nazývané Židák, i když tu dnes žádní židé nežijí.
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