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Understanding the Dispute over the Treatment of Products Exported to the European Union from the Occupied Territories in the Context of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership

100%

Chmiel O. J.

Polish Political Science Yearbook

2018

vol. 2 (47)

254–264

While the European Union (EU) does not recognize any legal Israeli sovereignty over the territories occupied by Israel in 1967, it does not grant preferential access to the EU market for goods produced in the Israeli settlements in this area, contrary to the preferential treatment for goods produced in Israel. This situation is different, however, as regards the United States (U.S.) trade policy, which does not make any distinction between goods produced in Israel and in the Occupied Territories, since it grants the preferential access to both. Furthermore, the currently suspended negotiations of the super-regional trade agreement called the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), spurred the enacting of a law that set the principal negotiating objectives of the U.S. regarding commercial partnerships, which included some provisions to discourage politically motivated economic actions against the State of Israel. As TTIP embraced the free trade agreement between the EU and the U.S., the EU differentiation policy could become problematic for the two partners, which despite the failure of the negotiations, revealed much about economic diplomacy. Consequently, this article attempts to show the different approaches adopted by the two trading powers, in order to deal with the dispute over the treatment of products exported to the EU from the Occupied Territories.

Business etiquette: The heritage of Chinese culture in trade negotiations

84%

Pangsy-Kania S., Orłowska M.

Gdańskie Studia Azji Wschodniej

2024

issue 25

120-134

Historia oraz tradycje kulturowe Chin odgrywają bardzo ważną rolę we współczesnych negocjacjach handlowych. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie kulturowych uwarunkowań chińskiej etykiety biznesowej oraz najważniejszych elementów dziedzictwa kultury w chińskiej etykiecie biznesowej podczas negocjacji handlowych. Zakładając, że negocjacje składają się z trzech głównych faz: wymiany informacji, targowania się i zamykania, szczególną uwagę poświęcono nawiązywaniu współpracy (język, hierarchia), wizytom i delegacjom (powitania, odpowiednie negocjacje, tematy tabu) oraz innym elementom etykiety biznesowej, takim jak bankiety i lunche oraz praktyki wręczania prezentów. W artykule sformułowano następującą tezę: w negocjacjach z Chińczykami ważniejsze od natychmiastowego zysku jest budowanie długoterminowej relacji opartej na uwzględnianiu etykiety biznesowej wynikającej z dziedzictwa chińskiej kultury.

Chinese history and cultural traditions play a very important role in contemporary trade negotiations. The aim of this article is to present the cultural determinants of Chinese business etiquette and the most important elements of cultural heritage in Chinese business etiquette during trade negotiations. Assuming that negotiations consist of three main phases – exchanging information, bargaining, and closing - particular attention is paid in this paper to establishing cooperation (language, hierarchy), visits and delegations (greeting, proper negotiations, taboo topics), and other elements of business etiquette such as banquets and lunches, and gift-giving practices. The following thesis is formulated in this paper: in negotiations with Chinese people more important than immediate profit is the process of building a long-term relationship based on taking into account the business etiquette resulting from the heritage of Chinese culture.

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1 Gdańskie Studia Azji Wschodniej

1 Polish Political Science Yearbook

1 Chmiel O. J.

1 Orłowska M.

1 Pangsy-Kania S.

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1 2018

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Understanding the Dispute over the Treatment of Products Exported to the European Union from the Occupied Territories in the Context of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership

Business etiquette: The heritage of Chinese culture in trade negotiations