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Элитные курганы как маркеры территориальной структуры Cкифии

100%
Boltryk Y.
Recherches Archéologiques Nouvelle Serie
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2011
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vol. 3
101-112
EN
The rulers of Scythia left kurgans instead of palaces. We know 17 Scythian kings and 14 of them are associated with the steppes of the Northern Pontic area. The period of active kurgans’ building in the steppe began by the time of the Ariapeith dynasty. About 6 or 7 kings can be related with it. At the same time the number of kurgans, that could be looked at as “candidates” for the Scythian ruler’s tombs, reaches six dozens. We can identify centers of regional structures using these kurgans as bearing points of the spatial structure of Scythia. The political centre of Scythia (5 – 3 c. BC) was located near the rifts of the lower Dnieper river. The importance of this area is emphasized by 4 most famous kurgans, probably tombs of the supreme kings. There are also 3 barrows of the second level, two or three times smaller than the royal ones and 10 graves of the third level, which are dozen times smaller than the giant tombs of the kings. The remaining 40 – 45 barrows could be divided in 11 or 12 local groups apparently marking regional centers of the Herodotus`s and Post-Herodotus`s Scythia.
2
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Historické spoje "Commerzial Weg" a "Steinerer Thor Weg". Poloha v terénu a návaznosti na komunikační síť u javornického průsmyku

88%
Cendelín D.
Historická geografie (Historical Geography)
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2022
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vol. 48
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issue 1
27-50
EN
The paper attempted to presents detailed information about a part of the historic long-distance traffic network within a certain limited area. Results of this attempt can be roughly dated to the turn of the 19th century, or more probably to the late 18th century or even earlier. The research was based on the first accurate maps of the researched area and on detailed exploration of the landscape in the area. This also included the assessment of the territory with regards to its suitability for traffic as compared to similar landscapes. The research was initiated by descriptions of several traffic routes in maps from the first accurate military surveys.
3

GLASS BEADS IN THE NORTHERN REGIONS OF RUS’: ISSUES OF TRADE ROUTES AND CHRONOLOGY

88%
Kuzina I.
Archeologia Polski
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2016
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vol. 61
219-240
EN
The article is devoted to issues connected with trade routes and chronology of glass beads in the northern regions of medieval Rus’: Priladozh’e and Belozer’e (Russian North), corresponding today mainly to the Leningrad and Vologda regions. Barter in the fur trade caused huge quantities of glass beads to be concentrated in settlements of the region. Different bead types were present in three chronological periods: 10th–beginning of 11th c., 11th, 12th–13th centuries. Comparison of certain bead types traces the routes by which glass beads came to the north of Rus’. Another method calls for comparing bead necklaces from burials. Cemeteries of the 11th c. in Belozer’e have helped to clarify some of the issues. A characteristic of trade routes in the12th–13th centuries is limited due to a decline in the number of beads from archaeological sites.
4
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Ancient Routes North of Pannonia in the Light of Roman Products and Amber Artefacts

88%
Kuzmová K.
Zborník Slovenského národného múzea Archeológia
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2022
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issue 116
169-178
EN
In the Roman Period (1st–4th century AD), the territory north of Pannonia (SW Slovakia) was settled by the Germanic tribes of Marcomanni and Quadi. The contacts between the Romans and Germans in this area were far from ordinary. Italian and provincial wares (vessels, jewellery, parts of clothes and military equipment, toilet and work tools, coins, etc.) found their way to Barbaricum via ancient routes, most often by long-distance, cross-border and local trade. Raw materials and products from the outlying barbarian territories to the Roman Empire and the adjacent barbarian areas are much less common. The most significant among these were amber and amber artefacts, which prove connections between the Middle Danube region and the Baltic Sea. They are mostly beads and pendants, found in Roman burials on the frontier and in Germanic burials and settlements in Barbaricum.
5
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Franckincense: traditions rooted in the Sudanese DNA

63%
Taha S.
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
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2020
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vol. 29(1)
EN
Frankincense is an ancient produce which continues to be a major commercial product in Sudan. Incense remain an important commodity in everyday customs and a source of income. It serves as a living link between the past and the present that is rich in religious, social, cultural and economic history. Resins are utilised for medicinal, cultural, religious and funerary practices in ancient and present times. Yet, Sudan’s considerable contribution to trade in aromatics has largely been understudied. This study is based on ethnographic research as well as my own and my family’s experiences. The paper examines the use and trade of incense from the ancient past to the present and contemporary usages. The research demonstrates Sudan’s substantial contribution to incense trade through time. The study suggests that there is a need to re-evaluate the role played by this region. This is a pressing issue owing to threats to archaeological sites caused by mega- development and mineral exploration.
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