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The Influence of External Factors on the Process of Transformation in Poland. The Case of the Polish Presidential Elections of 1989

100%
Suwara E.
Polish Political Science Yearbook
|
2006
|
vol. 35
131-139
EN
In the first half of 2001 the US Department of State, following a request from the National Security Archive (a US non-governmental organisation), declassified documents relating to the Round Table negotiations, the presidential elections, the crisis over choice of a prime minister and the creation of government (coalition) in Poland in 1989. Those documents, highly confidential until their release, allow us to look at the most important events in the transformation in Poland from a different perspective, which has not yet been extensively analysed. In essence, they indicate the role of external factors which have influenced the political situation of Poland – the transformation and actual decomposition of communism. They include cables detailing the US embassy’s participation in, and its analysis of the events during Poland’s ‘revolution’.
2

Zapomniane zwycięstwo 4 czerwca — o mitologii politycznej filmu „Psy” Władysława Pasikowskiego

75%
Nieć M.
Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem
|
2019
|
vol. 41
|
issue 4
87-104
EN
The article analyzes the victorious election of Solidarity on 4 June 1989. Władysław Pasikowski, a young Polish director, has shown in the movie Dogs (1992) a metaphor of the 4 June victory, which is analyzed in this article. Other issues from the movie are not presented, neither is the contemporary political situation. Only the contemporary context of the movie is presented. The movie Dogs shows a wide political and cultural background of a political change, probably because Pasikowski is a cultural anthropologist, not only a director. The article consists of three parts. In the first part of the article I present a concept of mythology by Roland Barthes in my own interpretation; I named my interpretation a political mythology. In the second part of the text I explain the phrase “forgotten victory” and discuss the political context “forgetfulness.” In the last part of the article I analyze the movie Dogs. Pasikowski presented a story of a police officer and his community (political police) during transformation in Poland. Pasikowski showed in the film the last days of the People’s Poland, her moral and political downfall. This film gave rise to many voices and commentaries, both positive and disapproving. The film was recognized by victims fighting about liberty as hurtful. Especially, a scene in a policemen canteen was recognized as derogatory. In a few scenes of the movie Pasikowski described the elite of People’s Poland. Pasikowski told a story about the last days of People’s Poland in the context of a crime. Since the movie Dogs, Pasikowski has debated with the Polish Film School and at the same time he has carried on with moral issues of the Polish Film School. He said and showed where the winners of Maciek Chełmicki, the protagonist of the film Popiół i diament (Ashes and Diamonds) of Andrzej Wajda (director) and Jerzy Andrzejewski (writer), are now. Moreover, Pasikowski has discussed in films with Polish right-wing parties and right-wing journalists about the beginning of the Third Republic of Poland.
3
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Koniec cenzury w PRL (1989–1990)

63%
Kamińska K.
Studia Medioznawcze
|
2014
|
issue 3 (58)
113-131
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wyników analizy ostatnich miesięcy funkcjonowania GUKPiW oraz OUKPiW między styczniem 1989 a kwietniem 1990 r. Cezura początkowa to wejście w życie ustawy z 23 grudnia 1988 r. o działalności gospodarczej (tzw. ustawy Wilczka). Cezurę końcową stanowi ustawa z 11 kwietnia 1990 r. o uchyleniu ustawy o kontroli publikacji i widowisk, zniesieniu organów tej kontroli oraz o zmianie ustawy prawo prasowe. Opracowanie stanowi próbę odpowiedzi na pytania: W jaki sposób liberalizacja prawa w Polsce w latach 1989–1990 wpłynęła na pracę GUKPiW oraz OUKPiW? Jaka była skala ingerencji w treść prasy, publikacji i widowisk w analizowanym okresie? Jakie treści stanowiły podstawę ingerencji cenzorskich? Z jakimi problemami, w związku z wykonywaną pracą, mieli do czynienia cenzorzy z GUKPiW oraz OUKPiW w latach 1989–1990?
EN
The goal of this article is to present the results of analysis concerning last months of functioning of the Main Authority for Control of Publications and Spectacles (Główny Urząd Kontroli Publikacji i Widowisk) and Regional Authority for Control of Publications and Spectacles (Okręgowy Urząd Kontroli Publikacji i Widowisk), between January 1989 and April 1990. The fi rst crucial date is the introduction of the law dated 23th of December 1988 on economic activity (so called Wilczek’s law). The fi nal date is the law dated 11th of April 1990 on repeal of the law on control of publications and spectacles, removal of control organs and amendment to the act press law. The essay undertakes to answer the following questions: In what way the liberalization of the law in Poland in years 1989–1990 infl uenced the work of GUKPiW and OUKPiW? To what extent was the content of the press, publications and spectacles interfered in the analyzed period?
4
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Zmiany edukacyjnych aspiracji Polaków w okresie transformacji systemowej

63%
Lis S., Skuza K.
Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne
|
2015
|
vol. 3(75)
PL
Analiza przemian postaw i aspiracji edukacyjnych Polaków i wybieranych przez nich strategii edukacyjnych w okresie transformacji systemowej jest zasadniczym celem artykułu. Kierunek zachodzących zmian w tym obszarze jest – jak wykazano – determinowany głównie przez proces merytokratyzacji postaw społecznych. Związany jest on z utrwalaniem się zasad liberalnego rynku pracy i poszerzaniem oferty instytucji edukacyjnych. Wyniki badań opinii publicznej potwierdzają istotny wzrost znaczenia wykształcenia, kwalifikacji i umiejętności jednostek w odniesieniu sukcesu nie tylko w sferze gospodarczej, ale także w osiągnięciu prestiżu społecznego i satysfakcji osobistej. Jednakże zbyt masowe i niekontrolowane rozszerzenie podaży usług szkolnictwa wyższego może prowadzić do obniżenia poziomu i jakości kształcenia i zatrzymania się tendencji merytokratycznej.
EN
The main objective of the paper is to analyse the changes in the attitudes and educational aspirations of the Polish citizens, and their preferred educational strategies, that could be observed in the transformation period. As shown in the paper, the direction of change in this area is mainly determined by the process of implementing meritocracy in the Polish society. This tendency is related to the consolidation of the liberal labour market on the one hand, and the expanding offer of various educational institutions on the other. Poll results confirm a significant increase in the perceived importance of education, skills and abilities in pursuit of individual success, not only in the economic dimension, but also for achieving social prestige and personal satisfaction. However, the massive and uncontrolled expansion of the supply of higher education services can adversely affect the quality of education and stifle the meritocratic tendencies.
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