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1

Zwoływanie wyobraźni

100%

Balcerzan E.

Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Literacka

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2014

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issue 23

13-25

EN

The term “imagination” has numerous meaning: colloquial, paraliterary, scientific. They all refer to auto-communication, which is a conversation of an individual with him or herself, when our mind faculties: memory, intuition, observation, intelligence, knowledge – and imagination, too – compete for dominance or strive for harmonious cooperation. Similarly to the generally understood imagination, its particular, important species (literary imagination) requires internal classification, because it is always an imagination of role: of the author, the reader, the expert, the performer, the censor, the distributor, or sometimes of the translator. The question of translator’s and author’s status provokes a comparison between author’s and translator’s imagination: they share some qualities, but also have decidedly different ones. The opposition between created nature and creating nature, which is a notion used by Józef Czechowicz, might be helpful in capturing the similarities and differences. But this opposition, too, demands a literary and historical context. The author created by the romantic myth seems someone gifted with imagination creating literary worlds, which are limitless, whereas the author of realist works, especially diaries, must give priority to observation, when a piece of external, empirical reality is described and recorded. Baroque, romanticism, realism, expressionism, avant-garde, postmodernism differ in their canons of imagination. The creative process by the author of an original work becomes a negotiation between innovations of authorial fantasy and recreation of the canon. The translator is under much stronger pressure from his or her times, because his or her objectives and tasks are different. Usually, knowledge is enough for a translator: linguistic, historical, literary, common, encyclopaedic, specialised. If knowledge fails, the translator reaches out to imagination as an instrument for interpretation of source text, but this happens only when the text is ambiguous and rich in images. Be it as it may, the quality and range of translator’s activity are determined by someone else’s imagination, accumulated in the translated work, and present in its rhetorics.

2

Przekłady literatury serbskiej w Polsce w latach 2007—2013

83%

Małczak L.

Przekłady Literatur Słowiańskich

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2014

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vol. 5

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issue 2

141-149

SR

U razdoblju od 2007. do 2013. godine prevedeno je tridesetak knjiga, većinom u pitanju su zbirke pjesama. Zabilježena je slaba emisija prevoda u časopisima. Broj prevoda knjiga je veliki ali recepcija srpske književnosti i kulture slaba. Put je srpske književnosti u Poljskoj otežan zbog ratova koji su pratili raspad druge Jugoslavije za vreme kojih je imidž Srbije stradao. Posle pada komunizma književne veze zavise od inicijative pojedinih osoba, nekadašnja državna institucija prevodne književnosti doživela je privatizaciju.

EN

There were translated about thirty books of Serbian literature in the period from 2007 to 2013, most of them were books of poetry. There were little number of translations in the literary magazines and journals. The number of translations is quite big but the reception of Serbian literature and culture was weak. The wars which accompanied the decay of the Second Yugoslavia has had big negative influence on the reception of Serbian literature and culture. Nowadays, after the fall of communism, literary contacts depend on initiative of individuals, the institution of translation literature has gone through the process of privatization.

3

Tłumacz jako instytucja — przypadek PRL i drugiej Jugosławii

67%

Małczak L.

Przekłady Literatur Słowiańskich

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2015

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vol. 6

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issue 1

281-289

HR

Prevoditelji su dio institucionalizirane prijevodne književnosti zajedno s organizacijama prevoditelja, književnom kritikom, izdavačkim kućama i časopisima. Igrali su vrlo važnu ulogu u Narodnoj Republici Poljskoj. Komunistička ih je partija smatrala gnijezdom opozicije. Prva poljska organizacija prevoditelja osnovana je tek 1981., nakon više godina neuspjelih pokušaja, što nije slučajno, za vrijeme najveće popularnosti sindikata Solidarnost. Prijevodna je književnost bila dio kulturnih veza s inozemstvom koje su pak bile dio vanjske politike i međunarodnih odnosa i kao takve su se nalazile pod potpunom kontrolom države. Politička je ideologija faktor koji u najvećoj mjeri tječe na kulturnu politiku. Unatoč svim izvanknjiževnim ograničenjima, prijevodna je književnost, kao i kulturne veze s inozemstvom, imala veću slobodu nego druge kulturne institucije zato što je vlast htjela izgraditi pozitivnu sliku zemlje, pogotovu za stranog recepijenta. Položaj prevoditelja u Narodnoj Republici Poljskoj bio je blizak Horacijevu modelu prevođenja, akt pregovaranja u kojem sudjeluju patron (u ovome slučaju država), dva jezika i kulture.

EN

Translators are a part of institutionalized translation literature together with organizations of translators, literary critics, publishing houses, and magazines. They played a very important role in The Polish People’s Republic. The Polish Communist Party treated them as nest of oppositionists. The first organization of translators, Association of Polish Translators and Interpreters, was established after years of failed attempts in 1981, not accidentally at the time of the biggest popularity of Solidarity. Translation literature was a part of cultural contacts with abroad which were a part of the foreign policy of the state. This particular sphere was under control of the state. Political ideology was the most important factor which influenced cultural policy. Despite those extratextual constraints translators and the sphere of cultural contacts with abroad had a little bit more freedom than other cultural institutions because the political authority wanted to create a positive picture of the country, especially for the foreign receiver. The position of the translator in The Polish People’s Republic was close to The Horace Model of translation. He had to negotiate between a patron (in our case state) and two languages and cultures.

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2 Przekłady Literatur Słowiańskich

1 Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Literacka

2 Małczak L.

1 Balcerzan E.

1 2015

2 2014

Zwoływanie wyobraźni

Przekłady literatury serbskiej w Polsce w latach 2007—2013

Tłumacz jako instytucja — przypadek PRL i drugiej Jugosławii