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EN
The paper is an attempt to determine the admissibility of acquisition of a transmission easement by virtue of usucaption. It also contains the review and assessment of the main issues, doubts and discrepancies which are present in the doctrine and jurisprudence. The survey also deals with deliberations concerning the possibilities of usucaption of particular ways of using the facilities as referred in the article 49 of The Civil Code prior to the amendments of The Civil Code of 20 May 2008 that introduced a new legal institution of a utility of transmission easement.
PL
The paper is an attempt to determine the admissibility of acquisition of a transmission easement by virtue of usucaption. It also contains the review and assessment of the main issues, doubts and discrepancies which are present in the doctrine and jurisprudence. The survey also deals with deliberations concerning the possibilities of usucaption of particular ways of using the facilities as referred in the article 49 of The Civil Code prior to the amendments of The Civil Code of 20 May 2008 that introduced a new legal institution of a utility of transmission easement.
PL
Jest to glosa aprobująca w stosunku do uchwały Sądu Najwyższego o sygn. III CZP 36/13. Autor aprobuje wypracowaną w tej uchwale tezę, że „Właściciel rzeczy może żądać od posiadacza służebności wynagrodzenia za bezumowne korzystanie z rzeczy”, nawet wówczas gdy właściciel nie realizuje roszczenia negatoryjnego polegającego na żądaniu usunięcia urządzeń przesyłowych. Roszczenie o wynagrodzenie za bezumowne korzystanie z rzeczy ma zdaniem sądu i autora charakter samodzielny. Zagadnienie samego charakteru prawnego roszczeń uzupełniających, a zwłaszcza ich samodzielności, nadal budzi spory w polskiej cywilistyce. Wątpliwości dotyczą również tego, czy do wystąpienia przez właściciela z roszczeniem o wynagrodzenie za bezumowne korzystanie z nieruchomości bez tytułu prawnego niezbędna jest równoczesna legitymacja tego właściciela do wystąpienia z roszczeniem windykacyjnym, co wykluczałoby żądanie wynagrodzenia przy istnieniu podstaw do jedynie roszczenia negatoryjnego. Zatem wyłączone byłoby tego rodzaju roszczenie dla urządzeń przesyłowych. Należy się zgodzić ze stanowiskiem sądu, że roszczenie o wynagrodzenie za korzystanie z rzeczy ma charakter obligacyjny i wówczas, gdy powstanie - uzyskuje samodzielny byt w stosunku do innych roszczeń właściciela i może być przedmiotem obrotu.
EN
This is a commentary approving the ruling of the Supreme Court ref. III CZP 36/13. The author endorses the argument put forward in this ruling that “The owner can demand a fee from the possessor of the easement for non-contractual use of a thing”, even if the owner does not pursue actio negatoria that is based on demanding removal of transmission facilities. In the Court's opinion and the author’s opinion as well, a claim for a fee for non-contractual use of a thing is independent. The issue of the legal nature of the supplementary claims, particularly their independence, remains a matter of dispute in Polish civil law. It is also questionable whether it is necessary for the owner to simultaneously have entitlement to pursue rei vindicatio in order to demand a fee for non-contractual use of a real estate without legal title, which would exclude a claim for a fee in the presence of grounds only for actio negatoria. Therefore, this kind of a claim would be excluded with regard to transmission facilities. One shall accept the standpoint of the Court that the claim for a fee for non-contractual use of a thing has the nature of obligation, and when it arises - it obtains independent existence in relation to other claims of the owner and may be traded.
EN
The aim of the study is to analyse the institution of civil law – transmission servitude and its understanding by the Highest Court of the Republic of Poland, shown in the jurisdiction of that Court. The authors study each judgment of the Highest Court, which present the Court’s understanding of that institution. The rulings are subject to constitutional control. The courts of law in Poland issued a couple of legal questions to the Polish Constitutional Tribunal, in which the courts inquired if this understanding of transmission servitude is compatible with the constitution. The authors describe the consequences of the Tribunal’s in the context of the Constitution of Republic of Poland.
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