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EN
The importance of inland waterway transport for transport in the EU countries is highlighted. In Western Europe inland waterway transport is perceived as an environment-friendly system offering considerable potential. The carriage of aggregates and construction materials has a large share in the transport structure. In the transport on the Rhine aggregates constitute 15-20% of the whole transport on this waterway. In Poland, waterway transport has a marginal importance since its share in the total transport is below 0.5%. In Polish conditions the carriage of aggregates has a significant share in the total inland waterway transport. On domestic routes the share of aggregate carriage amounts to 50-80%. However, the carriage is over short distances and is connected with extraction of aggregates from the bottom of the waterways. The advantages of waterway transport in comparison with rail transport are demonstrated by means of an analysis of the costs of coal transport on the Oder.
PL
Tematem artykułu są problemy bezpieczeństwa eksploatacji komunikacyjnych budowli ziemnych w warunkach zagrożeń utraty stateczności. W szczególności omówiono następujące zagadnienia dotyczące: projektowania i budowy nasypów na słabym podłożu bagnistym, bezpieczeństwa budowli ziemnych na terenach zalewowych, bezpieczeństwa budowli ziemnych na terenach osuwiskowych, budowli ziemnych zlokalizowanych na terenach szkód górniczych. Podano przykłady rozwiązania poszczególnych problemów. Podsumowanie zawiera stwierdzenia o znaczeniu utylitarnym i poznawczym.
EN
The subject of the article are problems of safety in the operation of earth structures designed for vehicle traffic in the conditions of threats of loss of stability. In particular, the following issues were discussed: design and construction of embankments on weak, marshy soil, safety of earth structures in floodplains, safety of earth structures in landslide areas, earth structures located in areas of mining damage. Examples of solutions to particular problems are given. The summary contains statements of utilitarian and cognitive significance.
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