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EN
The article deals with a topical problem to harmonize the ever growing diversity of methodological tools for historical research and the necessity to deepen homogeneous understanding of a human being both as a subject and an object of a historical process. Humanforming function of culture requires active cooperation of different scientific approaches. In the conditions of rapid changes of real historical situation of civilizational choice it becomes extremely important to probe deep into essence of human nature. Controversial interpretation of human nature, the burden of mental stereotypes, the lack of racial and national tolerance remained the source of dangerous conflicts at all the stages of historical development. The potential of historical anthropology is far from being exhausted in a sense of methodological seifdevelopment of national historiography. Active segmentation and specification of general methodological outlook of a modern scientist sometimes leads to erosion in humanistic perception of a historical moment, to a neglect of a human being, to misunderstanding of his or her life world. In this sense a well-known Husserl’s concept “life world„ has a good perspective from the point of view of widening the horizons of modern historical epistemiology. In the paradigm of historical experience and historical consciousness the opposition human being — system acqures purely practical content in the process of investigating real evolution of European civil society. Postmodern “occupation of life world“ (Habermas) in conditions of globalization leads to reevaluation of possibilities of the system and corresponding underevaluation of the possibilities and the role of the human being. And this, in ist turn, leads to underestimation of human experience as the most important content of historical science.
EN
In the middle of 90.ties of XX century the City of Lodz experienced dramatic collapse of its economy. The crisis occurred far more intense than in other big cities in Poland. The crucial factor that caused this unfavourable situation, was the breakdown of light industry, predominant in Lodz agglomeration. That was also the reason of fall down of other industries related with the main branch, such as mechanical engineering or chemical industry. For Lodz society it was the time of high rate of unemployment, decrease of income, decline the standard of living. For local authorities the crisis caused increase of public expenditure for transfer benefits. More over economic capacity of the city collapsed. Twenty years of change in every sphere of city’s existence enabled to overcome the crisis and start up the processes of slow but substantial transition. Exploiting existing, internal potential as well as undertaking the effort to attract external capital, the city commenced the process of transition in economic and social sphere. As a result, the effective and diversified socio-economic system has been built. The new economy gave stabile and relatively resistant basis for further city development. The aim of the article is to present the main activities that have been undertaken in Lodz to change the unfavourable situation of the city in last twenty years. The text concentrates on those achievements which are crucial as far as further development of the city is concerned.
PL
Łódź  w połowie lat dziewięćdziesiątych XX w. przeżyła zdecydowanie większe załamanie gospodarki niż inne wielkie miasta Polski. Przyczyną tego zjawiska był upadek przemysłu lekkiego, dominującego w łódzkiej aglomeracji oraz innych rodzajów przemysłu, tj. maszynowego czy chemicznego, związanych z przemysłem lekkim. Dla społeczeństwa oznaczało to bezrobocie, spadek dochodów, obniżenie stopy życiowej, a z punktu widzenia finansów publicznych wzrost wydatków budżetowych na świadczenia transferowe. Ponadto wydolność ekonomiczna łódzkiego systemu gospodarczego uległa załamaniu. Dwadzieścia lat zmian we wszystkich sferach funkcjonowania miasta pozwoliło na wyjście z głębokiego kryzysu społeczno-gospodarczego. Wykorzystując istniejący wewnętrzny potencjał oraz podejmując starania o pozyskanie zewnętrznego kapitału, doprowadzono do istotnych przekształceń struktury gospodarczej i zbudowano efektywny i zdywersyfikowany system społeczno-gospodarczy. Nowa gospodarka dała stabilne i relatywnie odporne na zjawiska kryzysowe podstawy dalszego rozwoju miasta. Przedmiotem rozważań podjętych w artykule są kierunki zmian społeczno-gospodarczych, jakie nastąpiły w ciągu ostatnich dwudziestu lat w mieście, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem tych, które mają w dalszym ciągu wpływ na rozwój Łodzi i jej otoczenia.
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