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Human resource's role seeking to gain a competitive advantage

100%
Langviniene N., Sekliuckiene J., 47-59
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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2011
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vol. 257
EN
In the business environment the organizational and personnel’s competences, knowledge creation and sharing it, implementation of innovation are closely related to the attempts of organization to increase the competitiveness, keep the competitive advantage and create value added. Gaining the competitive advantage and keeping it becomes one of the most important objects for investigation of industrial or services organizations. Enterprises what engage into production are more oriented to heighten the specifics of product, implementing the technologies into the process of production. Services providers are looking for possibilities to organize a professional team, to increase competence of contacting personnel in order to guarantee a quality of servicing a customer. An article represents the specifics of gaining a competitive advantage of services providers, and the main factor – the human resource aspect – is developed. On the ground of the survey in Lithuania, guidelines for travel and tourism services providers in order to satisfy the customers by quality of servicing are pointed.
2
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Consumer – Travel agency client and the right to withdraw from the package travel contract

100%
Gwoździcka-Piotrowska M.
Studia Periegetica
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2014
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vol. 11(1)
103-113
EN
In today’s world travelling is very popular. Sometimes it is not just a way of spending our holiday but it is also a way of life. In each of these situations it is important to remember travel agency customer powers (mainly of the consumer) including the right of cancellation of the that concluded both in the travel agency, tourism fair trades, or even, by the Internet. It seems that the consciousness of the tourists is much higher now and they often assert their rights in front of the suitable institution. Regulations in European countries show increasing harmonization.
3
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Opodatkowanie usług turystycznych w Niemczech – szczególna procedura VAT‑marża dla biur podróży

100%
Mirek I.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
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2014
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issue 2(42)
11-44
EN
The special VAT margin scheme for travel agents has its genesis in Art. 26 of the Sixth VAT Directive and now it is set out in Art. 306 to 310 of the Directive 2006/112. Where a travel agent, acting in his own name, uses the supplies and services of other taxable persons in the provision of travel facilities, all the transactions are to be treated as a single supply, subject to VAT in the travel agent’s Member State. The taxable amount is deemed to be the travel agent’s margin – the difference between the VAT‑inclusive cost to him of the supplies and services which he includes in the package which he sells and the price, exclusive of VAT, which he charges for that package. Some Member States, including Poland, apply the special VAT margin scheme regardless of whether the customer is actually the traveller or not (the customer approach). The remaining Member States, first of all Germany, apply the margin scheme only where the customer is the traveller (the traveller approach). That is why, it is necessary to analyse the German provisions on the VAT margin scheme.
4
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Projektowana dyrektywa turystyczna a przyszłość turystyki w Unii Europejskiej i w Polsce

84%
Gospodarek J.
Rozprawy Naukowe Akademii Wychowania Fizycznego we Wrocławiu
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2014
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vol. 46
27-36
EN
The purpose of the article is to research the nature of the projected package travel directive and its aims, scope, as well as the specific terminology, and to point out their importance for the future of tourism in the EU and in Poland. The author analyses the proposal of the European Commission for a directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on package travel and assisted travel arrangements of 9 July 2013, and the European Parliament legislative resolution of 12 March 2014, with relevant documents applied in the legislative proceedings by EU institutions and the Polish organs. The article presents the issues of maximum nature of the projected directive and its still undecided scope. It also signals difficulties and consequences concerning imprecise terms used in that project. The author expresses his conviction that the discussed directive will be accepted by the European Parliament and the Council not earlier than in 2015, while the first positive outcomes of these regulations for tourism in the EU and Poland will be perceivable after the implementation of the directive by the EU member states, probably not earlier than in the second half of 2017.
5
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Atrakcje turystyczne Jordanii i ich znaczenie dla rozwoju usług turystycznych

84%
Wójtowicz B., Wójtowicz P.
Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego
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2015
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vol. 29
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issue 3
48-66
PL
Jordania to państwo muzułmańskie leżące na Półwyspie Arabskim, posiadające różnorodne walory turystyczne, antropogeniczne – związane z historią i kulturą, a także przyrodnicze– związane m.in. ze zjawiskami geologicznymi. Istotną rolę gospodarczą odgrywa w nim turystyka,rozwinięta przez specjalistów brytyjskich na zlecenie króla, z dobrze przemyślaną infrastrukturą i bogatym wachlarzem usług. Z uwagi na fakt, iż znaczna część BIZ (bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych)ulokowana została w projektach inwestycyjnych z branży turystycznej i hotelarskiej, należyoczekiwać, że w przyszłości znaczenie sektora turystycznego w gospodarce jordańskiej będzie stalewzrastało. Ponieważ o potencjale rozwoju gospodarki turystycznej tego kraju stanowią walory przyrodnicze,w referacie przedstawiono najatrakcyjniejsze z nich, takie jak: Petra, pustynia Wadi Rum, Morze Martwe, Akaba, Amman. W tym celu dokonano analizy destynacji ruchu turystycznego, profilów turystów, sezonowości ruchu turystycznego do tych obiektów, zakwaterowania i dochodów z turystyki oraz zatrudnienia w sektorze usług. Celem referatu była analiza rynku turystycznego Jordanii na tle innychkrajów Bliskiego Wschodu i perspektywy dalszego jej rozwoju.
EN
Jordan is an Muslim country situated on the Arabian Peninsula, which has a variety of tourist and anthropogenic attractions related to the history, culture, as well as nature-based attractions inter alia on geological phenomena. The important economic role is played by tourism, developed by British experts commissioned by the King, with a well thought infrastructure and a rich range of different services. Due to the fact that a significant part of the FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) has been placed in investment projects related to the tourism industry and the hospitality industry (hotel industry), it is expected that the significance of the tourism sector in the Jordanian economy will continue to grow in the future. As a consequence, since the potential development of the tourist economy of this country refers to the natural values, this paper presents the most attractive ones, namely Petra, the Wadi-Rum Desert (the Valley of the Noon), the Dead Sea, Akaba, Amman. For this reason, we performed the analysis of tourist destinations, tourist profiles, seasonal tourist traffic to such sites, accommodation and income from tourism and employment in the sector of services. The purpose of the paper was to analyze the Jordanian tourism market compared to other countries in the Middle East and prospects for its further development.
6
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Zakres stosowania nowej dyrektywy w sprawie imprez turystycznych i powiązanych usług turystycznych z perspektywy prawa polskiego

59%
Kubiak Cyrul A.
Studia Prawnicze: rozprawy i materiały
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2015
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issue 2(17)
19-34
EN
The purpose of that article is to analyze the scope of application of the new directive on package travel and linked travel arrangements. The new directive aims to modernise the rules on package travel currently contained in Directive 90/314/EEC, by increasing the protection of consumers purchasing online travel combinations. The inclusion of customised combinations of travel services, in particular those purchased on-line, in the scope of the new directive will change significantly the scope of application of the protection offered to travelers. It is estimated that the new directive will double the share of protected contracts from 23% to 46% in the EU travel market. New directive will increase legal certainty and transparency for both travellers and businesses, reduce consumer detriment associated with such combinations and ensure fairer competition between travel businesses. New directive will be based on full harmonisation, with a few limited exceptions where, because of different legal traditions or approaches, Member States will be allowed to maintain different solutions. The process of implementation of the new directive will be diffi cult because of the complexity of that legal text and its serious consequences for the whole tourism industry in Poland.
PL
Niniejsza praca ma na celu analizowanie zakresu stosowania nowej dyrektywy w sprawie imprez turystycznych i powiązanych usług turystycznych. Celem dyrektywy jest modernizacja przepisów dotyczących imprez turystycznych w dyrektywie 90/314/EEC przez zwiększenie ochrony konsumentów, kupujących podróży przez Internet. Obejmowanie zakresem dyrektywy opracowanych usług turystycznych, zwłaszcza tych kupowanych przez Internet, znacznie zmieni zakres ochrony zapewnianej podróżnikom. Szacuje się, że nowa dyrektywa zwiększy udział umów chronionych z 23% do 46% rynku podróży w Unii Europejskiej. Nowa dyrektywa zwiększy poziom pewności i przejrzystości dla podróżników, jak i przedsiębiorstw, zredukuje problemy konsumentów i zapewni bardziej uczciwą konkurencję między przedsiębiorstwami turystycznymi. Nowa dyrektywa będzie polegała na całkowitej harmonizacji, z kilkoma ograniczonymi wyjątkami, gdzie państwa członkowskie będą miały możliwość dostosowania innych rozwiązań z powodu innych systemów prawnych. Implementacja nowej dyrektywy będzie niełatwa z powodu złożoności tekstu prawnego i skutków prawnych dla całego rynku turystycznego w Polsce.
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