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Popularization and/or Trivialization of Philosophy in Voltaire's NarrativeCandide or Optimism

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Majksner I., Oswald T. V.

CLEaR

2016

vol. 3

issue 2

32-39

Voltaire produced his works within the literary-historical period of Classicism and Enlightenment, in which the prevalent role of literature was educational. The period also dictated what genre, theme, style and structure authors should follow. However, more and more changes of literary genres appear, and the process of stratification of literature into high and trivial takes place. The aim of this paper is to describe the polarization of two mutually different processes involved in the literary shaping of Voltaire's philosophical narrative Candide or Optimism. In Voltaire's narrative, the popularization of philosophy, in order to simplify and illuminate the philosophical writings of G. W. Leibniz, results in the changes of style and content that become understandable to the general readership since they work within the scheme of an adventure novel. In this process, trivialization does not affect only the genre, but is also present in other parts of literary analysis and interpretation such as the theme, motifs, structure, characterization, narrative techniques, stylistic features, and so on.

Čtyřikrát o holokaustu

72%

Holý J., Sladovníková Š.

Slovo a smysl - Word & Sense

2015

vol. 12

issue 23

66-79

The article focuses on several recent Czech books and movies on the topic of the Holocaust, or Shoah. Some of these works are original and inventive (Jáchym Topol’s prose book Chladnou zemí from 2009) or at least worthy of interest (Mark Najbrt’s film Protektor from 2009), some are conventional and exploit well-established narrative procedures and patterns (Radka Denemarková’s prose book Peníze od Hitlera from 2006, Milan Cieslar’s film Colette from 2013, after Arnošt Lustig’s book). Today, the Holocaust is perceived as a global icon, representing inhumanity and referring to universal moral norms. However, at the same time one can clearly observe a tendency to trivialization in the way the topic is presented — more and more often containing intimity, brutality, sexuality. Some artists, to oppose the trend, look for ways of giving the Shoah in the way it‘s presented a new actuality, for instance by employing the grotesque as well as black humour, or by combining terror with vulgarity and banality (besides Topol also Arnošt Goldflam and Radek Malý).

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1 Slovo a smysl - Word & Sense

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1 Oswald T. V.

1 Sladovníková Š.

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Popularization and/or Trivialization of Philosophy in Voltaire's NarrativeCandide or Optimism

Čtyřikrát o holokaustu