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EN
The subject matter of this paper is an analyse of Moravian Slavs clothing according to the figural motifs depicted on the Great Moravian monuments of art craft and its interpretation on the basis of written documents and knowledge from philology field of study. The Great Moravian rulers were probably dressed according to previous heritage of Avar Khaganate characterised by nomadic riding clothing, e.g. short coat – “župan” tied up at the waist with a strap and wide trousers and high boots. The other type of the Great Moravian man’s clothing had been determined by political situation from the end of 8th century when Carolingian Empire was spread out in the eastern part of Europe. Carolingian fashion was based on a long sleeve tunica tied up at the waist by strap with a mantle and pantyhose with calf-straps. Monks and priests were dressed according to late Roman tradition what can be seen on figural motifs with long-sleeved tunica − dalmatic with outermost liturgical vestment chausuble − casula. Traditional old Slavic dress consists of trousers, shirt and mantle, described in written documents was not identified on any Great Moravian archaeological findings. As far as woman’s clothing is concerned we have no visual records about this fashion.
EN
During the 16th and 17th centuries, an extensive transformation of clothing habits took place in Central Europe. The era of the national styles of clothing had concluded and was replaced by widespread preference of the highly fashionable Spanish – and later French – clothing sets. New garments were fully accepted mainly by nobles and, over time, also among burghers. The question remains how and by whom they were passed on to the rural population. Our attention is focused mainly on urban tailors’ guilds, which had a dominant position in the production of urban as well as rural clothing, due to regulations. Their creations are captured in several period depictions, and their abundance in towns as well as in the countryside is evidenced by inventories of estates and bequests to orphans. Clothing constructions are included in tailors’ pattern books, which have been preserved in Czechia, Slovakia, Poland, Austria, and Germany. The comparison of the three mentioned source types in this study brings new information about the formation, types, and representation of individual components of men’s clothing.
CS
V průběhu 16. a 17. století došlo ve středoevropském prostoru k rozsáhlé proměně oděvních zvyklostí, která byla po éře národních oděvních stylů završena plošným přijetím módní vlny španělského a později francouzského oděvního kompletu. Nové oděvy zdomácněly především u šlechticů a s odstupem času též u měšťanů. Otázkou zůstává, jakým způsobem a kým byly zprostředkovány venkovanům. Naše pozornost se upírá především na městské krejčovské cechy, jimž patřilo dominantní postavení ve výrobě městských, a s ohledem na vrchnostenská nařízení, i venkovských oděvů. Jejich dílo je zachyceno na řadě dobových vyobrazení a četnost jejich výskytu ve městě a na venkově zase dosvědčují soupisy pozůstalostí a odkazů sirotkům. Oděvní konstrukce jsou obsaženy v krejčovských knihách střihů, které se zachovaly v Česku, na Slovensku, v Polsku, Rakousku i Německu. Komparace těchto tří typů pramenů tvoří základ naší studie, která přináší nové informace o formování, typech a zastoupení jednotlivých oděvních součástek mužského oděvu.
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