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Stare Miasto w Zamościu (1992)

100%

ZAMOYSKI M.

Ochrona Zabytków

2017

issue Dodatek Specjalny. Dziedzictwo w Polsce.

95-99

Zamość was founded in the late 16th century on the trade route linking western and northern Europe with the Black Sea. Built on the so-called “raw root” basis (in a completely uninhabited place), encircled by bastion fortifications, Zamość is a unique example of an “ideal town” of the Renaissance period. This was the result of perfect cooperation between the open-minded founder, Great Crown Chancellor Jan Zamoyski, and the outstanding architect, Bernardo Morando. The town plan, which was faithfully implemented by the architect and the founder, combines the functions of an urban ensemble, a residence, and a fortress. The Old Town in Zamość has retained its original regular street layout, and its architecture is a unique blend of Italian and Central European traditions. Criterion: (iv) Preserving an ideal Renaissance town “Our eyes opened wide because, all of a sudden, the towers of Zamość – the enchanted town, the fairytale town – started to loom into view from the mists in the distance, unclear at first, and then ever more distinct.” Zofia Serafin-Socheńska, Zamość, 1938 Jan Zamoyski signed the act of foundation of his ideal town, the Zamość Fortress, at Jarosławiec on 10 April 1580, entrusting its design and construction to the Italian architect Bernardo Morando. This marked the beginning of the rich history of the town and its people, who are represented by a number of nationalities: Poles, Armenians, Greeks, Jews, Scots, and Germans. The entry of the historic part of Zamość on the UNESCO World Heritage List on 14 December 1992 was a very important moment in the town’s history that has been blessed with both high and low points. The inscription of Zamość, as well as the subsequent accession of Poland into the European Union (2005), opened up completely new opportunities for raising funds to preserve the town’s monuments in line with international and national rules, while elevating the rank of Zamość as an important centre of cultural and tourist life in Poland. The value of Zamość as an urban ensemble was recognised as early as 1936 when, for the first time, it was given protected status. Since 1966, the entry in the Register of Monuments has covered the entire Renaissance town including its fortifications. At present, 67 per cent of the historic buildings within the town and 100 per cent of the fortification areas are fully- owned by the commune, which certainly presents a major challenge to the town authorities. Therefore, since 2004, the city has continually and systematically sought to raise funds for the conservation work of the Old Town monuments. A total of seven projects co-financed by EU funds and the EEA Financing Mechanism have been successfully implemented as part of the renewal of the Old Town. The funding raised from external sources covered as much as 69.8 per cent of the investment projects completed within the Old Town ensemble in the years 2004-2012, totalling PLN 166 564 000. The actions undertaken under the succession of projects included comprehensive restoration work on the facades and roofs of several dozen buildings, as well as within the courtyards of several blocks, and within most of the streets and three market squares, as well as five ensembles of fortress buildings and structures. This also included the creation of a museum of fortifications and weaponry in Bastion III and the Arsenal. Thanks to the external funding raised, the Roman Catholic parish restored the Collegiate Church, while the Foundation for the Preservation of Jewish Heritage restored the Renaissance synagogue. Under the first three projects, a total of more than 100 000 m3 of historic buildings underwent conservation, renovation, modernisation, and adaptive reuse, three buildings were upgraded for cultural and tourist purposes, nearly 1000 m2 of retail space was created, and a video surveillance system was built covering the entire Old Town. The Great Market Square and the adjacent streets were also repaired and renovated. Under the fourth EEA programme, sixteen historic buildings were restored, including: the ensemble of the fortress buildings, the New Lublin Gate with its curtain wall, the Casemates, the Old Lublin Gate and its curtain wall, and the shooting gallery. The primary objective of the fifth program was to increase the attractiveness of the city to tourists. The project encompassed the renovation of the Salt Square, the Jaroszewicz Square, the Water Square, and the adjoining streets. Another project, which was delivered by the City in the years 2009-2012, was of the largest scale. Its purpose was to make the Zamość Fortress available for tourist and recreational purposes. This included the fortifications of the 16th-century “ideal town” and the polygonal 19th-century fortifications. The project included the restoration of the ring defences of the fortress, the remodelling of the amphitheatre, restoration of the Historic Town Park, the construction of parking lots, and the adaptive reuse of a historic building into the headquarters of the Zamość Fortress Cultural Park Management Centre. The last project, which was carried out in the years 2010-2012, involved the creation of a museum complex called “the Museum of Fortifications and Weaponry” in the 18th century Bastion III and in the buildings of the historic Arsenal and Gunpowder Magazine. The project also included securing the exhibits of the current outdoor exhibition of Polish weaponry, as well as furnishing the exhibition facility with modern audiovisual and ICT equipment. The above projects, completed in Zamość in the years 2004-2012, prove beyond doubt that the comprehensive restoration of the Old Town of Zamość, a UNESCO World Heritage site, would have been impossible without the funds raised through various projects. These projects, along with the enormous commitment and support from the residents of Zamość, have allowed us to restore its historic look and splendour as an “ideal city,” a unique place on a European scale, with such great success. I would like to thank all the people who have contributed to the great success of our town with all my heart.

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Stare Miasto w Zamościu (1992)