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EN
The successively introduced legal regulations as well as social changes make it possible for people with visual impairments to live a more independent life, which also includes participation in culture. As a result, a reflection arises: What can be done to ensure better access to museums and their resources to people with visual impairments? POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews has developed a programme and implemented a series of activities that allow diverse groups of visitors to get to know its exhibitions and participate in events. Among solutions dedicated to the visually impaired one will find typhlographs and audio descriptions for the exhibits as well as educational walks and workshops with employees trained to work with visitors with disabilities and adapt the museum space to let them move around it independently. This article focuses on activities that engage people with visual impairments – a population that faces the greatest barriers in terms of access to visual arts, who, however, is being increasingly included in visual arts events. Such activities give the visually impaired the opportunity to participate in situations previously inaccessible to them, breaking down barriers between different social groups.
EN
This article was inspired by a discussion initiated by the author among the visually impaired guides at Niewidzialna Ulica (Invisible Street) in Poznań in April 2021. The resulting text not only collects their reflections but above all proposes solutions for the popularisation of visual arts among people with vision loss. The author starts with the concept of ‘synesthetic sensitivity’ and artistic ideas for the translation of the language of the visual into the language of the remaining four senses, offering examples of successful intersensory transpositions. The projects described in the paper may serve as a model for future solutions enabling the multisensory participation in art. Each project teaches us a different approach to art and the needs of people with visual impairments. They emphasise different aspects of participation in the visual world – developing imagination, expanding the network of associations, increasing the freedom of reception, facilitating memory, and promoting dialogue. Each of the proposed solutions glues different pieces of the broken world together, re-embedding sublime ideas in the human body and providing the blind, and indeed all of us, with new opportunities to experience art.
PL
Rozważania teoretycznobadawcze, a nade wszystko praktyka tyflopedagogiczna, każą upatrywać w partycypacji w kulturze osób z niepełnosprawnością wzroku ważnego kierunku oddziaływań edukacyjnych i rehabilitacyjnych, realizowanych w duchu inkluzji, czyli włączenia społecznego w istotne powiązania komunikacyjne, których kultura jest jednym z obszarów. Na podstawie analizy opisowokrytycznej nielicznej literatury przedmiotu, obserwacji uczestniczącej i osobistych doświadczeń autorki poddano refleksji problematykę specyfiki odbioru wytworów kultury przez osoby z niepełnosprawnością wzroku oraz uwarunkowań i możliwości ich pozawzrokowego udostępniania. Przedstawiono – odpowiadające specyfice procesów poznawczych osób niepełnosprawnych wzrokowo – dotykowosłuchowe sposoby udostępniania sztuk wizualnych: system Braille’a, tyflografikę i audiodeskrypcję. Zwrócono uwagę na znaczenie Internetu dla partycypacji w kulturze osób niepełnosprawnych wzrokowo, przywołując wybrane egzemplifikacje. Na podstawie podjętych rozważań, wyprowadzono postulaty działań praktycznych i badawczych w zakresie interdyscyplinarnej problematyki inkluzywnego uczestniczenia w kulturze osób z niepełnosprawnością wzroku.
EN
Theoretical and search considerations, and tyflopedagogic practice above all, make us see the culture of people with visual disabilities as an important way of educational and rehabilitation activities implemented in the spirit of inclusion, i.e. social inclusion in important communication links whose one of the areas is culture. Based on a descriptive and critical analysis of small literature on the subject, as well as participant observation and personal experience of the author, the subject of the specific nature of the reception of works of culture by people with visual disabilities and the conditions and possibilities of nonvisual ways of sharing them have been considered. Tactile and auditory ways of providing visual arts: Braille system, typhlography and audio description have been presented as corresponding to the specificity of cognitive processes of visually impaired people. The importance of the Internet for participation in the culture of visually impaired people has been marked, recalling selected exemplifications. Based on the considerations undertaken, the postulates of practical and research actions have been drawn up in the field of interdisciplinary issues of inclusive participation in the culture of people with visual disabilities.
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