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PL
Celem artykułu jest wskazanie i opis najbardziej charakterystycznych ryzyk ubezpieczeniowych w ubezpieczeniach dzieł sztuki. Autor, zwracając uwagę na niestandardowość dzieł sztuki, zauważa, że zakres i rodzaj ochrony ubezpieczeniowej będzie w wypadku tych ubezpieczeń wyjątkowo zróżnicowany. Mimo tak indywidualnego charakteru omawianego przedmiotu ubezpieczenia istnieje możliwość wyszczególnienia ryzyk najbardziej relewantnych dla tego typu ubezpieczeń. Pierwszym z nich jest ryzyko kradzieży dzieła sztuki, drugim działalność żywiołów, w ramach trzeciej grupy ryzyk są umieszczone pozostałe ryzyka powszechne w praktyce ubezpieczeniowej – ryzyko dewastacji dzieła sztuki, ryzyka w transporcie i podczas renowacji dzieła sztuki. Artykuł, poza odwołaniem się do orzecznictwa i piśmiennictwa prawniczego oraz literatury z zakresu rynku dzieł sztuki, zawiera odniesienia historyczne, kulturowe oraz gospodarcze.
EN
The aim of the article is to indicate and describe the most characteristic insurance risks in insurance of artworks. The author, bearing in mind the non-standard nature of the works of art, observes that the scope and type of insurance coverage will be exceptionally diverse in this case and will frequently require a tailor-made insurance product. Despite an individual character of the discussed subject of insurance it is possible to specify the most relevant risks for this type of insurance. Firstly, it is the risk of artwork theft. Secondly, there are damages caused by natural disasters, whereas the third group consists of the remaining risks common in insurance practice, such as the risk of devastation of works of art, risks in transit and risks during the restoration of artworks. In addition to relating to case law, legal and art market literature, the article contains historical, cultural and economic references.
Zeszyty Prawnicze
|
2015
|
vol. 15
|
issue 4
51-67
EN
The article analyses the definition of “an item of fine art” and its practical application in the spectrum of insurance relationships. The definition is considered from a general point of view as well as from the legal perspective. It is also collated with synonymous concepts (i.e. antiquity, cultural property, exhibits) and briefly examined in different legal contexts (fiscal, administrative, international, civil). This review leads to a conclusion that it is impossible to find a satisfactory and generally applicable definition of “an item of fine art,” and that therefore searching for such a definition is a waste of time. On the other hand, attempts to define “an item of fine art” shed light on its classic features, which may be useful in certain cases.The article draws attention to the indirect impact of certain reflections and observations regarding “fine art,” notably their effect on the interpretation of the concept of “items of fine art” in civil law and civil contracts. It also shows that an accurate definition may be essential in an insurance relationship, since the subject of insurance protection has to be clearly defined. These practical implications apply particularly to situations when an item of fine art is not the sole object of insurance protection and when it is an element of an insured collection.The article considers not only the applicable legislation but also the general terms and conditions used by insurance companies.
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