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London calling (or cooling?): Feature theory, phonetic variation, and phonological change

100%
Uffmann C.
Yearbook of the Poznań Linguistic Meeting
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2021
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vol. 7
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issue 1
181-215
EN
This article looks at the ongoing merger of /uː/ or /ɔː/ before tautosyllabic /l/, that is, words like call(ing) and cool(ing) in London English, the reasons for this merger and how it can be captured formally. It argues that the merger is the end point of a chain of phonological consequences of a phonetic process, the gradient fronting of /uː/, which leads to a reorganisation of the vowel system. The merger can thus only be understood by looking at the properties of London (Cockney) phonology and ongoing changes in this system. On the theoretical level, this article argues that underspecification in feature theory is crucial to understand the interaction between phonetic variation and phonological change, arguing that the vowel shifts in London English start out as phonetic changes along dimensions that are featurally underspecified. Underspecification thus provides a crucial link between phonological categories and phonetic gradience.
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Substitúcie situačných aktantov v slovenčine

72%
Ivanová M.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2023
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vol. 84
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issue 1
26-55
EN
The term substitution refers to the process during which situational actants selected by a verb are substituted by expressions with non-situational meaning. In the paper, the investigation of substitution processes is focused on two groups of verbal units: (i) phase verbs with inceptive meaning which enable the substitution of object actants and (ii) psychological verbs of two types: (a) type trápiť ‘worry’, and (b) type mrzieť ‘feel sorry for sth.’ which enable the substitutions of subject actants. On the basis of corpus data, collocational preferences are stipulated for phase verbs with inceptive meaning and a collostructional analysis is used to calculate the mutual attraction of substituted non-situational nouns and the given type of microconstruction in order to build up a detailed picture of correlation between corpus frequencies and degrees of entrenchment concerning the various semantic groups of nouns. At the same time, cognitive and pragmatic (contextual) factors determining the interpretation of sentence structure with substituted actants are closely investigated. On the other hand, the corpus data reveal that no such attractions can be specified within the group of psychological verbs, which shows that in the case of these verbal units, substitution is better described in terms of a pragmatic process.
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