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Litotes in English research articles: disciplinary variation across life and social sciences

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Szczygłowska T.
Linguistica Pragensia
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2020
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vol. 30
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issue 1
51-70
EN
This paper reports on an analysis of litotes in English research articles from two distant fields, life and social sciences. As a device for understatement, litotes denies the semantic opposite of what is meant to mitigate the literal content of the utterance. This feature makes litotes a useful means of academic communication which should remain cautious in tone and impartial. However, the results of the analysis reveal disciplinary variation in the frequency, structural types and syntactic functions of such constructions in the considered discipline-specific expert writing. The social sciences texts use twice as many litotes as the life sciences texts, and show a greater functional variation of litotes. There are also dissimilarities in the specific patterns by means of which the analysed structural types of litotes are realised.
2

Translation of Hyperbole and Understatement for Ideology Manipulation in the Press

100%
Osękowska-Sandecka J.
Lodz Papers in Pragmatics
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2016
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vol. 11
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issue 2
201-223
EN
The article begins with the assumption that that translators use hyperbole and understatement to manipulate ideology. The explication of it is embedded in the pragma-linguistic framework and supported with the discussion of the role of context perceived as the three-dimensional understanding of text production. The focus of this paper is on the negative application of these two ideologically loaded language tools in the context of the press. Accordingly, press translators need to be aware of the negative application of hyperboles and understatements for ideology purposes in the source text in relation to the surrounding context (textual, institutional, and social) and, next, be able to translate them adequately to the needs of the target text ideology in the target context. The purpose of this article is to verify this assumption and gain insight into such operations. In order to investigate it, a sample of articles from the British quality press and their translations published in Polish newspapers is used. The results show that hyperboles and understatements, indeed, possess ideological potential that contributes to the projected textual ideology. They are manipulated in translation, however, not invariably through alterations of these two devices themselves. Sometimes the manipulation occurs through omission or manipulation of of of the context in which they are employed while the hyperbole and understatements are translated rather literally. Independently of what technical decision the translator makes in reference to the devices as such, it is invariably performed in relation to the ideological demands of the target text.
3
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Les non-dits dans les programmes et les manuels de FLE

58%
Gajos M.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Romanica
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2017
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issue 12
293-302
EN
This paper aims to present the results of a diagnostic research study concerned with content selection in the teaching curricula and textbooks for learning French as a foreign language published in Poland both before and after World War II. A comparative analysis has revealed that, among other things, the proposed realm of linguistic and cultural contents in the textbooks is considerably influenced by institutionalized and ideological factors. The selectional criteria recommended by the ministerial curricula cause many issues and related lexical fields to be left out in the teaching materials, so that they are taboo topics in the French language classroom.
FR
L’article a pour objectif de présenter les résultats d’une recherche à caractère diagnostique concernant le choix des contenus d’enseignement dans les programmes et dans les manuels de FLE publiés en Pologne avant et après la Deuxième Guerre mondiale. Suite à l’analyse comparative, nous avons démontré une influence importante des facteurs institutionnels idéologiques sur les contenus linguistiques et socioculturels présents dans les programmes et les manuels de FLE polonais. Il en résulte que certains sujets et les champs lexicaux sont omis et sont considérés comme les non-dits ou les sujets tabous.
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