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EN
Initially, the milk and milk products market was a subject to administrative and legal instruments, with the milk quota system playing a key role. The aim was to reduce the imbalance between the supply and demand and resulting structural surpluses in this sector and thereby to achieve a better market balance. The reconstruction of the normative system of organization of the milk and milk products sector which began in 2003 resulted from the needs of the changing economic situation and led to a definitive abandonment of the quota system of milk production since 1 April 2015. The purpose of this paper is to present the legislative process which results in the creation of specific regulations governing the contracts for supply of raw milk which are an instrument influencing the milk and milk products sector and to draw attention to the most important aspects of their introduction into the Polish legal system.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia niemieckie i francuskie rozwiązania ustawowe oraz orzecznictwo w zakresie nieuczciwego nadużywania przewagi kontraktowej (relacyjnej, handlowej siły rynkowej). Omawia, jak w tych jurysdykcjach rozumiane są pojęcia „przewagi rynkowej” oraz jej nadużywania. Następnie szczegółowo analizowane są rozwiązania polskiej ustawy, w tym zwłaszcza krytycznie zinterpretowana jest definicja przewagi kontraktowej. W końcu autorzy zastanawiają się, które z rozwiązań niemieckich i francuskich należałoby przenieść na grunt krajowy.
EN
The article presents German and French legal solutions and laws regarding unfair use of contractual advantage. It discusses the way the definitions of market power and its abuse are understood under these jurisdictions. Also, Polish legal solutions are analysed in detail, i.e. critical interpretation of the contractual advantage definition. At the end, the Authors reflect on which German and French solutions could be transferred into the Polish law.
PL
The existing legal instruments in the area of trade in agricultural and food products in Poland were considered by the Polish legislature to be insufficient, which was an impetus for legislative work finalized by the adoption of the act on counteracting the unfair use of contractual advantage in the trade in agricultural and food products on 15 December 2016. The purpose of the research described in the article was to determine the normative dimension of the concept of unfair use of contractual advantage and the assessment of admissibility de lege lata for farmers to rely on protection under the provisions of the aforementioned Act of 2016. The analyses have led to the conclusion that the ban on practices of unfair use of contractual advantage should be seen as a new, not yet crystallized, contract rule applicable to concluding contracts specified in this act, including contracts with farmers.
EN
The article presents selected provisions contained in the Act of 15 December 2016 on counteracting the unfair use of superior bargaining power in the trade in agricultural and food products, which has been prepared by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. The Act provides for an administrative fine for the unfair use of superior bargaining power. A proceeding of this nature shall be initiated by the President of UOKiK ex officio, rather than by request of any party to such proceeding. However, any entrepreneur with a reasonable suspicion of being the subject to a practices involving the unfair use of superior bargaining power may submit a complaint to UOKiK. It is the intention of the author to present a brief description of what are believed to be the key provisions contained in the new Act and show some difficulties that entrepreneurs may face when evaluating their activities for compliance with the provisions of this Act.
PL
Artykuł prezentuje wybrane regulacje zawarte w ustawie z 15 grudnia 2016 r. o przeciwdziałaniu nieuczciwemu wykorzystywaniu przewagi kontraktowej w obrocie produktami rolnymi i spożywczymi przygotowanej przez Ministerstwo Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Wsi. Ustawa dotyczy wprowadzenia pieniężnych kar administracyjnych za nieuczciwe wykorzystywanie przewagi kontraktowej. Postępowanie będzie wszczynał z urzędu Prezes UOKiK, a zawiadomienie dotyczące podejrzenia stosowania tych praktyk będzie mógł zgłosić przedsiębiorca, jeżeli podejrzewa stosowanie takich praktyk wobec siebie. Autorka podejmuje próbę przedstawienia zwięzłego opisu najistotniejszych – w jej ocenie – postanowień zawartych w ww. ustawie. Jednocześnie wskazuje na pewne trudności, z jakimi mogą spotkać się przedsiębiorcy przy ocenie swoich działań pod kątem zgodności z przepisami omawianej ustawy.
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