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EN
The purpose of this study, determined by the author, was to analyze the objective, tasks, regularities and peculiarities of the educational activities of ethnic student organizations operating in Chernivtsi University in the Austro-Hungarian and Romanian historical periods. The author states that students of Bukovyna University represented all the basic ethnic groups of the region, and, of course, its representatives became the most active members of the social movement. The main components of the education of such ethnic student societies as the Romanian “Arboroasa” (22.12.1875), “Junimea” (“Youth”, December 1878), German corps “Gotia” (13.05.1987), “Dacia” (1876), “Alemania” (13.05.1877), Polish “Ognisko” (December 27, 1877), etc. were considered in the article. The popularity of the first Romanian student association “Arboroasa” is proved by the following data: 44 out of 54 Romanian students immediately expressed a desire to become its members. The purpose of this society’s activity was to bring up intelligent, cultural members of the society with a well-defined national identity, as well as the development of charity in a social context. Based on the statute, their main directions were identified as patriotic, cultural and educational, charitable and entertaining. The main forms of activity were: conferences on national history and literature, outgoing literary and musical evenings. The purpose of this society’s activity was to bring up intelligent, cultural members of the society with a well-defined national identity, as well as the development of charity in a social context. Based on the statute, their main directions were identified as patriotic, cultural and educational, charitable and entertaining. The author examines in detail the reasons for the closure of societies, analyzes aspects of the public reaction to this action of the Austro-Hungarian and Romanian authorities, and discusses the historical prospects for the development of the national social movement. The study identified the specifics of the above-mentioned societies: social patronage of socially unprotected youth and students (“Junimea”), support of the university authorities allowed the society to introduce, in addition to classical forms of activity, “expensive” forms of activity: celebrations, national holidays and balls (German societies).
PL
Celem artykułu badawczego jest identyfikacja i prezentacja opinii pracowników naukowo-dydaktycznych polskich uczelni na temat konsolidacji w sektorze szkolnictwa wyższego, z uwzględnieniem implikacji praktycznych oraz społecznych omawianego procesu. W opracowaniu przedstawiono wyniki badań ankietowych przeprowadzonych w roku 2016 na 682 respondentach przy wykorzystaniu elektronicznego kwestionariusza ankietowego. Pozyskane informacje wskazują na fakt, iż opór środowiska akademickiego nie stanowi istotnej bariery realizacji procesów konsolidacji szkół wyższych.
EN
The purpose of the research article is to identify and present the opinion of Polish research and teaching staff on consolidation in the higher education sector also taking into consideration practical and social implications. There is shown in the text a report of a survey conducted in 2016 among 682 respondents by means of an online survey questionnaire. The information obtained shows that the resistance of the academic environment is not the main barrier to the higher education consolidation process. The respondents showed many advantages of consolidation. Therefore, higher education institution unions may be established in the sector to use its potential more effectively.
RU
Цель исследовательской статьи – выявить и представить мнения научно-дидактических работников польских вузов с учетом практических и социальных импликаций обсуждаемого процесса. В разработке представлены результаты опросов, проведенных в 2016 г. с 682 респондентами с использова- нием электронного вопросника. Полученная информация указывает факт, что сопротивление академической среды не представляет собой существенного барьера для осуществления процессов консолидации вузов.
PL
Dwudziestolecie międzywojenne było w Polsce okresem wyjątkowego poświęcenia, które należy utożsamiać z wielkim patriotyzmem i wręcz emocjonalnym odnoszeniem się do spraw „wagi państwowej”. Jednym z jego przejawów było budowanie i utrzymywanie w systemie dobrowolnych opodatkowań ośrodków turystyczno-leczniczych. To była forma wspierania państwa w rozwiązywaniu jego ważnych społecznie problemów. W tym ogólnopolskim procesie nie zabrakło kolejarzy polskich, którzy tworzyli jedną z najbardziej licznych grup zawodowych. W ciągu kilkunastu lat uruchomiono kilka „pomnikowych” realizacji, z których część – przy zmienionej formie wykorzystania – funkcjonuje do dzisiaj.
EN
In Poland the interwar period was a time of an extraordinary sacrifice, which should be identified with great patriotism and even emotional referring to the matters of state. One of the signs was to develop and maintain tourist and health centers under a system of voluntary taxation. It was a form of supporting the state in solving its socially important problems. Polish railwaymen, who created one of the most numerous professional groups, participated in this nationwide process. Over several dozen years, several monumental projects have been launched, some of which – with a modified form of use – are still in operation today.
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