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15 years standards of management control in Poland – evaluation

100%
Piaszczyk A.
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
|
2017
|
issue 478
348-356
EN
The article presents an overview of changes in law concerning management assessment in Poland, as it pertains to public financial institutions in accordance to the implementation of relevant European Union treaties. The subject of examination is the amendment of Public Finances Act from the year 2001. Partial evaluation will be performed on the application of a bill dated from 2009. According to the author, this is mistake, as the original American bill (Sarbanes-Oxley Act) that inspired the European legislation, only requires the management of private firms to file such declarations. Meanwhile Poland decided to have the law apply to public sector as well. The article attempts to evaluate the last 15 years of the currently functioning legal system. Studies have shown that the current supervision system of management assessment is ineffective, ineffectual and largely useless forcing the employees to needlessly rely on risk analysis and resort to costly control mechanisms and procedures.
2

O dopuszczalności zbycia w obrocie wtórnym wyodrębnionego lokalu mieszkaniowego przed uzyskaniem zaświadczenia właściwego organu o przekształceniu prawa użytkowania wieczystego gruntu w prawo własności

63%
Gniewek E.
Rejent
|
2020
|
issue 1 (345)
15-28
EN
De lege lata the transformation of the right of perpetual usufruct of land built for residential purposes into ownership is done by law. Yet, it requires a determination in the form of a certificate from the relevant authority. The issued certificate entitles the holder to register ownership in the land and mortgage register and the court makes such an entry ex officio. However, it is possible to sell a residential unit before obtaining the relevant certificate since the share in the joint ownership of the property is the right related to the ownership of the unit. This requires drawing up a notarial deed pursuant to the present status of entries in the land and mortgage register whereas a further correction is made after obtaining the relevant certificate.
3

Oddział kosynierów z Bieździedzy – powstanie i działalność

63%
Lechwar M.
Roczniki Teologiczne
|
2019
|
vol. 66
|
issue 4: Historia Kościoła
41-53
PL
Powstanie kościuszkowskie z 1794 r. było niezwykle ważnym wydarzeniem w historii Polski. Pamięć o nim, jak i o samym Tadeuszu Kościuszce wlewała w serca Polaków nadzieję na odzyskanie niepodległości. Wzrost świadomości narodowej wśród warstwy chłopskiej w Galicji, połączony z pracą społeczną (w tym także patriotyczną) księży pośród nich, owocował tworzeniem wielu formacji mających na celu podtrzymywanie ducha patriotyzmu. Oddział Kosynierów w Bieździedzy doskonale wpisuje się w ten nurt łączący w sobie idee Młodej Polski z zachętami płynącymi m.in. od bpa Józefa Sebastiana Pelczara. Wiele trudności sprawia dokładne zrekonstruowanie dziejów omawianego oddziału, czego przyczyną są nieliczne źródła pisane. Nieoceniona w takim przypadku pozostaje pamięć ludzi jak i przekazywana tradycja. Niniejszy artykuł przybliża historię powstania bieździedzkiego oddziału Kosynierów i jego losy; omawia umundurowanie i uzbrojenie oraz zaznacza, jaką dziś pełnią funkcję ci, którzy do niego należą.
EN
The Kościuszko Uprising of 1794 was extremely important in the history of Poland. The memory of it, as well as Tadeusz Kościuszko, poured into the hearts of the Poles the hope of regaining independence. The increase of national consciousness among the peasantry in Galicia combined with the social work (including patriotic one) of priests among them resulted in the creation of many formations aimed at maintaining the spirit of patriotism. Kosynierzy unit in Bieździedza perfectly fits into this trend combining the ideas of the Young Poland with the incentives flowing from Bishop Józef Sebastian Pelczar. Many difficulties are caused by the exact reconstruction of the history of the discussed unit, because of very few written sources. The memories of people as well as the tradition passed on are invaluable in this case. This article presents the history of the beginning of the Kosynierzy unit and its fate. The work also describes uniforms and armaments and indicates what role those who belong to him play today.
4
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Ogniwa umacniania imperium mongolskiego w XII i XIII wieku

51%
Mencel M. T.
Studia Orientalne
|
2016
|
issue 1(9)
100-132
RU
В данной статье предпринята попытка определить основные факторы, объясняющие формирование монгольской государственности во времена правления Чингисхана и наиболее важные военные кампании, им организованные, а также наиболее важные достижения с цивилизационной точки зрения. Отмечается значительные изменения социальной системы и отход от родоплеменных общественных отношений чтоб построить государство с централизованной системой власти, с иерархической системой общественных отношений. Важное значение в построении учреждений монгольского государства имеет создание его организационных основ на военной модели и эффективной администрации уровня управления как центрального, так и локального. Кроме того, следует отметить, что важными факторами в формировании государства была толерантность и открытость на влияния различных религий, а также систематизация правил налогообложения, торговли и финансового оборота, а также адаптация и распространение грамотности.
EN
This article constitutes an attempt to indicate main determinants that shaped Mongolian statehood during reigns of Genghis Khan and the most important war campaigns that he organized, as well as the most important achievements from the point of view of the civilization. There can be noticed changes in the social system and abandonment of social family-tribal based relations for the benefit of developing a country with a centralized system of authority, hierarchized system of social relations. A significant meaning in the development of the Mongolian country institution is sought in setting its organizational foundations on the military model and efficient administration of the central and local levels. Furthermore, it is noticed that the important factors for creating the country were tolerance and openness to influences of various religions and systematizing tax, trade and financial transactions rules, as well as adaptation and promotion of writing.
5
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Formy organizacyjne pracy młodzieży na katechezie

45%
Ceglarek R.
Roczniki Pastoralno-Katechetyczne
|
2012
|
vol. 4
227-246
EN
A religious lesson needs using various form s of student s' work organization. The most typical ones include: individual, collective and group work. Currently a lot of attention is also paid to pair work. Application of these forms should result in shaping certain personality features in teenagers. Using all of the four forms of students' work or their different combinations during a lesson, makes it more attractive, which influences comprehensive activation of students. Their application on catechesis is away of religious teachers' pursuit to improve efficiency of religious education among teenagers. It is an important element of catechetical didactics as it involves searching optimal solutions, what is making catechesis more effective in case of the way of passing the essence of faith and developing Christian attitudes among teenagers.
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