Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Results found: 8

first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last

Search results

Search:
in the keywords:  unpaid work
help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
1
100%
EN
The paper discusses changes that have occurred in the Czech pension system since 1996 in terms of their gender impact. The pension system is considered in a broader socio-economic context. I take into account different working careers of men and women and their unequal share in unpaid care work. I analyse individual steps of the reform (the criteria for entitlement to a retirement pension, changes in the mechanism for calculating pension benefits, and the newly established private second pillar) and show the impact of these changes on women and men in retirement. I conclude that although the reform is presented as gender-neutral just because it maintains the same conditions for both sexes, it ultimately brings significant deterioration in women’s retirement situation as compared to men’s. An increase in the level of equivalence—and therefore the increasing dependence of the pension entitlement on previous income from paid work—means that, in the logic of the pension system, unpaid work associated particularly with childcare is valued less and less and gender inequalities in the labour market are reproduced.
EN
The household production is a big aggregate which has no reflection in the current European system of national accounts. The market value of that production accounts for less than 10- 15% of the total household production. Generally, household production can be estimated using the input method. Unpaid household work is the main input. There were many proposals of the way of estimating household work, but most economists prefer the market cost method. The first full sequence of accounts, entitled the Household Production Satellite Account for Poland (HHSA) was developed for 2011. It was proven that the value of the household work constitutes approximately 80% of the total value of household production, while the total value of household production in relation to GDP amounted to approximately 36.5%. Providing the regular calculation of the HHSA, which is a supporting tool for the core national accounts, will allow the recognition and better understanding of the transfers and interactions between the market and households. The value and size of the goods and services produced by households can be compared with similar products produced on the market by enterprises.
EN
This paper considers the problem of unpaid work in households. It focuses on the different categories of unpaid work, particularly the implementation of housework, child care and adult care. Specifically, household services, and domestic care services with included health services are designated as "white jobs" which may have the potential to create new jobs. These "white jobs" represent an untapped source of employment in the labour market. The main objective of the paper is to explore the various social determinants influencing the decision of Slovak families to use or not use alternative market substitutes of selected categories of unpaid work with the aim of identifying the hidden potential for job opportunities in the labour market in Slovakia and the potential demand for those services. The results of the primary research suggests that Slovak households have a potentially greater interest in procuring household services from external sources, rather than procuring personal services for themselves. In terms of the perspective demand for the above mentioned services, the research found that in this case it should be necessary to take into consideration the strong influence of traditionalism and conservatism, which affects the scope and nature of market substitute usage.
EN
Standard measures of economic activity relate to goods and services offered by the market. Stiglitz’s report, however, suggests that not only monetary value or economic products create welfare, but non-monetary components should also be included in the System of National Accounts. Although household production is registered in official statistics, the main part of it, i.e. nearly 75-80% of the total home production remains outside of the GDP. The Household Production Satellite Account (HHSA) is a macroeconomic analysis covering both market and non-market home production. The National Time Transfer Accounts (NTTA) is, next to HHSA, an analysis aimed to register and observe the directions of transfers and to present the recipients and givers of home production. Regular estimations provided by the HHSA and NTTA may prove a valuable supporting tool to national accounts, pension systems, or social policy as they provide a great deal of macroeconomic information regarding households, their economic and living conditions, social changes, and welfare.
5
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Praca nieodpłatna i rynek pracy

75%
PL
W artykule przedstawiono analizę nieodpłatnej pracy w Polsce. Podjęto również próbę określenia najważniejszych rozwiązań, które mogą zmienić jej postrzeganie, by stała się pracą odpłatną. Wiadomo, że ma ona istotny wpływ na rynek pracy, więc znaczenie ekonomiczne nieopłaconej pracy musi być bardzo duże. Ta sama działalność może być przecież płatna, jak i nieodpłatna, w zależności od kontekstu społecznego, dlatego szczególną uwagę zwrócono na główne rodzaje pracy nieodpłatnej, co pozwoliło autorowi zaprezentować kilka rozwiązań tych problemów. Realizacja wskazanego wyżej celu badawczego jest oparta na źródłach danych zastanych. W analizie ilościowej tych danych zastosowano metodę opisową i porównawczą z uwzględnieniem danych GUS z różnych lat.
EN
The article presents the analysis of unpaid work in Poland. Also an attempt was made to present the most important solutions that can change its perception to become paid work. It is known that it has a significant impact on the labour market, so the economic significance of unpaid work must be large. The same activity can be paid as well as unpaid, depending on the social context, therefore special attention was paid to the main types of unpaid work, which allowed the author to distinguish several solutions to these problems. The implementation of the above-mentioned research goal is based on the sources of existing data. In the quantitative analysis of these data, a descriptive method was applied, taking into account CSO data from various years.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł poświęcono problematyce nieodpłatnego zatrudnienia osób pozbawionych wolności. Mimo że zatrudnienie skazanych było regulowane już w okresie dwudziestolecia międzywojennego (§ 179 Rozporządzenia Ministra Sprawiedliwości z dnia 20 czerwca 1931 r. w sprawie regulaminu więziennego ), a następnie w Kodeksie karnym wykonawczym z 1969 roku (m.in. pod postacią art. 49 § 4 i 5 k.k.w.), to obecna kodyfikacja nie rozwiązuje wszystkich narosłych przez lata problemów, a w pewnym sensie generuje nowe. Bodaj najistotniejszą kwestią jest brak wystarczającej liczby miejsc pracy dla skazanych, którzy chętnie podjęliby zatrudnienie. W związku z tym pod znakiem zapytania stoi model wychowawczego oddziaływania i resocjalizacji przez pracę.
EN
This article is devoted to the problem of unpaid employment of persons deprived of their liberty. Although the employment of convicts was already regulated in the interwar period (§ 179 regulation of the Minister of Justice of 20 June 1931 concerning prison regulations), and then in the Executive Penal Code of 1969 (including the form of art. 49 § 4 and 5 of the Executive Penal Code), current codification does not solve all the problems accrued over the years, and in some sense generates new. Perhaps the most important flaw is the lack of a sufficient number of jobs for convicts who would like to work. Therefore, a question mark is a model of educative influence and rehabilitation through work.
EN
The value of female activity rate in the labour market in Poland is lower than the average value of this indicator for the whole EU. Women are also more often inactive in the labour market than men. The greatest disproportions are visible in groups that include women of reproductive age. One of the reasons for women’s withdrawal from the labour market may be the caring responsibilities for dependents members of their families. Moreover, it should be emphasized that a large majority of Polish women is trying to reconcile their professional work while fulfilling family and parental duties. Acceptance for their professional work is very high among men as well as among women themselves. The factors that support mother’s motivation for returning to and entering a labour market have been reiterated in numerous reports and analysis. Still the issue of reconciling domestic and professional duties is complicated and not easy to describe. However, there is a gap while searching for studies dedicated to partner’s opinions to that process of decision making. This article aim is an attempt to filling this gap.
PL
Wartość wskaźnika aktywności zawodowej kobiet w Polsce jest niższa niż średnia wartość tego wskaźnika w Unii Europejskiej. Ponadto, w porównaniu z mężczyznami, kobiety częściej są nieaktywne zawodowo. Największe dysproporcje występują w grupach obejmujących kobiety w wieku prokreacyjnym. Może to oznaczać, że jednym z powodów wycofywania się kobiet z rynku pracy jest konieczność sprawowania opieki nad własnym dzieckiem bądź dziećmi. Należy równocześnie podkreślić, że znaczna większość Polek stara się łączyć pracę zawodową z wypełnianiem obowiązków domowych oraz rodzicielskich. Akceptacja dla ich pracy zawodowej jest bardzo wysoka zarówno wśród mężczyzn, jak i wśród samych kobiet. Motywy, którymi kierują się kobiety, podejmując decyzję o kontynuowaniu pracy zawodowej po urodzeniu dziecka bądź powrocie do niej po okresie poświęconym na wychowanie potomstwa, zostały szeroko opisane w literaturze przedmiotu. Brakuje jednak opracowań poświęconych opinii mężczyzn w tym zakresie. Niniejszy artykuł stanowi próbę uzupełnienia tej luki.
EN
The idea of stalled revolution appears in the writings on division of work, particularly housework, in the households. The literature is dominated with the studies that focus on the division of housework without taking paid work into consideration; the studies related primarily to the very rich countries, and often lack the distinction between couples where both partners are employed and couples where one of the partners is not employed. The purpose of the paper is to compare the distribution of paid and unpaid work in the households in countries with different level of wealth. The main conclusion of the empirical study: along with the enrichment of the population decreases the amount of paid and unpaid work in the household, and the decline relates mostly to women.
PL
O zatrzymanej rewolucji pisze się w kontekście podziału pracy w gospodarstwach domowych, a szczególnie w odniesieniu do obciążenia kobiet pracą niepłatną. W literaturze na temat pracy niepłatnej dominuje ujęcie, w którym autorzy poświęcają uwagę głównie podziałowi pracy niepłatnej w domu, badając ją w oderwaniu od pracy płatnej; badania dotyczą przede wszystkim krajów bogatych; a przy tym często brakuje w nich rozróżnienia na pary, w których oboje partnerów pracuje zawodowo i pary, w których jeden z partnerów pozostaje w domu. Celem artykułu jest porównanie podziału pracy płatnej i niepłatnej w gospodarstwach domowych w krajach o zróżnicowanym poziomie bogactwa. Podstawowy wniosek z przeprowadzonego badania: wraz z bogaceniem się społeczeństw maleje ilość pracy płatnej i niepłatnej wykonywanej w gospodarstwie domowym, a spadek ten dotyczy głównie kobiet.
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.