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EN
The article presents an analysis of the urban policy being implemented in the Mazovian Region. The actions addressed to urban areas are analyzed retrospectively and prospectively in the context of the key Mazovian strategic and implementation documents. There follows a characteristic of the mechanisms and solutions of particular importance to the future of urban policy in Mazovia. Finally, recommendations concerning the development of the Mazovian Region are presented, with special focus on the development of urban areas. The recommendations are based on the analyses and studies conducted within the Development Trends of Mazovia project.
EN
Cities and urban areas have played greater and greater role in EU development process, and urban dimension is present in almost all European and Polish strategic documents. They establish development goals that cities should achieve and indicate problems they should focus on. The aim of the article is to summarize information relating to cities in European and Polish strategic documents over the last years and to create a vision of European and Polish city of the future.
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EN
Taxation on businesses, which makes up two thirds of local authorities' revenues, urges them to widen the range of their economic interventions. The communauté d'agglomération Plaine Commune is one of the most dynamic in the Parisian metropolis and has had considerable expertise at their disposal for 10 years. In order to ensure their economic influence, they now endeavour to stimulate and even structure some economic industries. Unfortunately, a local tax reform in progress may well jeopardise the pattern of development which is presented in this article.
EN
Urban policy becomes a more important domain of public life on several territorial levels. National urban policy is still formed in Poland, but different aspects of its regional level (especially revitalization of degraded areas) have their place in development strategies and among priorities (pre-emptive pivots) or operations of regional operative programmes (RPO) in all voivodeships in 2007−2013. Coping with current and future challenges requires careful preparation and consequent realization of national and regional urban policy. Self-governmental authorities of towns and connected with them functional areas still expect concrete solutions and instruments, including legal and financial ones.
EN
The paper attempts to characterize the features of contemporary urban space and directions of changes thanks to which a large city can increase its chances of success in the context of new challenges related to the functioning of an innovative learning economy and in the face of turbulent political, economic and social transformations in the world. The purpose of the study is to project three possible scenarios of development of Wrocław based on the results of previously conducted research using, among others, SWOT and PEST analyzes as well as a synthetic prospective diagnosis of external factors affecting the city’s development.
EN
The main aim of the article was to determine which of the Polish “Garden Cities” used the historical urban system and their names as a brand. For this purpose, author analyzed most of the strategic documents and reports of the “Garden Cities”, ie. Podko-wa Lesna, Zabki, Milanowek, Komorow, Puszczykowo, Wroclaw (district Karlowice), Katowice (Giszowiec), Krakow (district Nowa Huta) and Sokolniki (municipality Ozor-kow). The research was focused on the online promotion of these cities and conducted by analysis of their websites and Facebook profiles. The results showed that most of the local governments support the concept of “Garden City”. Generally, effective urban policy is implemented in small cities and cities which have preserved their urban layout. This is noticeable in such cities: Podkowa Lesna and Milanowek. However, develop-ments in Katowice are particularly interesting, as the local government aims to change its image of being a “dirty” and “grey” into a green and friendly city. Podkowa Lesna, Mi-lanowek and Katowice have the best chance of becoming a recognised brand.
EN
The article focuses on indicating the interpenetration of the development policy of the Warm¬insko-Mazurskie voivodeship and the development policy of small cities situated in the region. It aims to identify the development opportunities of small cities, within the context of voivodship development policy, and to assess the use of opportunities from this regional level of governance and administration. The study was based on the results of a survey conducted among representatives of urban gminas and urban-rural gminas as well as analysis of strategic and operational documents developed at the regional level. Development problems of small cities in the Warminsko-Mazurskie Voivodeship, identified from the local and regional levels, are very similar. However the differences are visible in terms of the effects of the expected intervention. In the regional documents – both strategic and operational ones, there is no special recognition of issues related to the development of small cities, but they can be found indirectly in some preferences that small towns have in applying for funds from the Regional Operational Program. Unfortunately, not all cities benefit from the opportunities offered by this Program.
EN
Participatory budgeting has become a vital tool in making urban spatial planning more community oriented. Examination of how participatory budgeting has evolved is a pertinent subject in theoretical research and in practical applications. Projects proposed by local communities improve the quality of life in cities and enhance benefits ofered by public spaces. The main goal of the paper is to present an overview and examine projects that transform public space, which have been implemented in selected Polish cities, namely in Katowice, Łódź, and Poznań within the framework of participatory budgeting exercise. Our research has demonstrated that in many cases participatory budgeting has acted as a catalyst of a variety of local bottom-up initiatives addressing public space in researched cities. It is thanks to the engaged and creative people at the local level that new functions which improve the quality of life are developed in cities.
EN
This article presents the premises, current status and the prospects of using functional urban areas as the focus of Poland's development policy. For the past 10 years, cities, especially large ones, have been increasingly impacting on their surrounding areas defined as functional urban areas. The size of those areas is determined by the process of suburbanisation. The article emphasises the issue of uncoordinated development of functional urban areas surrounding core cities and on grassroot and top-down attempts to integrate their development.
EN
The principal goal of the article is to identify the influence of the revitalization actions which were implemented according to the rules of sustainable development in cities located in opole Voivodship (Province). The first part of the article is devoted to the theory of a sustainable city and the significance of city revitalization processes. The second part focuses on answering the following questions: Were the changes in the case of particular revitalization actions related to social, environmental and economic spheres? and Have they effectively led to shaping a sustainable city? Furthermore, it identifies the performance and actions which were taken in the durability context of the sustainable development concept. Moreover, the author mentions actions within the urban policy, pertaining to examples of revitalization, and offers recommendations in the case of occurrence of negative interactions with economic, social and environmental aspects. The research was conducted on the basis of analyses of: applications of revitalization projects co-financed within the Regional operation Program for opole Province in the years 2007–2013, local revitalization programs in cities of opole Province, focus studies conducted in 12 cities of the region, as well as survey research carried out among representatives of all local government units in the Province.
PL
Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja wpływu działań rewitalizacyjnych w odniesieniu do zasad zrównoważonego rozwoju. Analizę podjętych inicjatyw o charakterze rewitalizacyjnym przeprowadzono w oparciu o miasta w województwie opolskim. Pierwsza część artykułu jest poświęcona teorii zrównoważonego miasta i znaczenia procesów ożywienia miasta. Kolejna część koncentruje się na odpowiedzi na następujące pytania: czy zmiany w ramach każdego podjętego działania rewitalizacyjnego były związane ze sferą gospodarczą, społeczną i środowiskową? i czy skutecznie kształtowały miasto w sposób zrównoważony? Ponadto, starano się określić czy efekty zrealizowanych działań mają charakter trwały w myśl koncepcji zrównoważonego rozwoju. Autorka powołuje się na działania o charakterze rewitalizacyjnym w zakresie polityki miejskiej i proponuje rekomendacje w przypadku występowania ujemnych interakcji w sferze gospodarczej, społecznej i środowiskowej. Badanie zostało przeprowadzone na podstawie analiz dokumentów źródłowych w tym w szczególności: zastosowania projektów rewitalizacyjnych współfinansowanych w ramach Regionalnego Programu Operacyjnego Województwa Opolskiego na lata 2007-2013, Lokalnych Programów Rewitalizacyjnych dla poszczególnych miast woj. opolskiego, badania ankietowe wśród przedstawicieli wszystkich badanych jednostek samorządu lokalnego na terenie województwa. W pracy wykorzystano cząstkowe wyniki badań nt. Rewitalizacja obszarów miejskich oraz zagospodarowanie terenów zdegradowanych w województwie opolskim, realizowanych w ramach projektu pn. Opolskie Obserwatorium Terytorialne – wzmocnienie systemu monitorowania polityk publicznych, na zlecenie Urzędu Marszałkowskiego Województwa Opolskiego przez zespół autorski: J. Słodczyk, A. Drobniak, A. Dembicka – Niemiec, E. Szafranek, M. Śliwa, R. Klimek. Ponadto, posłużono się metodą badawczą desk research analizując dokumenty strategiczne.
EN
A crisis of a city is typically regarded as synonymous to the crisis of public finance – it arises from insufficient investments by the local and national public sector. However, contemporary cities face also other challenges, apart from the obvious lack of financial resources – such as effects of the global crisis which are cause predominantly by the actions of the private sector. The problems of contemporary cities require that public authorities professionalize in their approach to management. Sustainable, long-term development of a city will not be possible, unless many issues such as: communication, housing, water supply, waste management, rational management of space, modernization of various forms of development, education, health care, preventing social pathologies, proper social relations, shaping social structures or stimulating the development of income-generating functions are efficiently solved. That is why creating an adequate urban policy and implementing it with the use of appropriate methods and instruments which allow for efficient regulation of social relations and public service provision should be the domain of public authorities.
EN
The article presents considerations related to the necessity of redefining urban policy in the period of civilization overstimulation and the crisis related to the COVID–19 pandemic. The analysis refers to the indication that science and knowledge as well as technical and technological progress create unquestionable opportunities for overcoming crisis situations, such as climate change, related to access to water, obtaining energy, environmental protection or controlling a pandemic. The issue of the necessity of overcoming the resistance of various social groups to the acceptance and implementation of modern ideas and solutions was also raised. The city’s policy should be oriented towards the development of public services, taking into account solutions in line with the smart city concept. The active participation of conscious citizens in deciding on solutions introduced by city authorities is one of the conditions of city development.
PL
W artykule zaprezentowano rozważania związane z koniecznością redefinicji polityki miejskiej w okresie przesilenia cywilizacyjnego oraz kryzysu związanego z pandemią COVID–19. Analiza odnosi się do wskazania, iż nauka i wiedza oraz postęp techniczno‑technologiczny stwarzają liczne szanse na przezwyciężanie sytuacji kryzysowych, chociażby takich jak zmiany klimatyczne oraz zmiany związane z dostępem do wody, pozyskiwaniem energii, ochroną środowiska czy też opanowaniem pandemii. Podniesiona została także kwestia konieczności pokonywania oporu różnych grup społecznych przed akceptacją i implementacją nowoczesnych idei i rozwiązań. Polityka miasta powinna być ukierunkowana na rozwój usług publicznych, uwzględniających rozwiązania wpisujące się w koncepcję smart city. Aktywne uczestnictwo świadomych mieszkańców w decydowaniu o rozwiązaniach wprowadzanych przez władze miejskie jest jednym z warunków rozwoju miasta.
PL
Artykuł porusza zagadnienia pomiaru i oceny dobrostanu człowieka oraz rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego, a w szczególności najrzadziej dotąd stosowaną kategorię godności życia. Kategoria ta została zdefiniowana, określono także jej relację do pozostałych kategorii: warunków, poziomu i jakości życia. Przedstawiono możliwość wykorzystania jej do oceny przestrzeni miejskich o dużym znaczeniu społecznym. Wskazano dotychczasowe zastosowanie tego pojęcia w innych obszarach nauk i możliwe kierunki poszukiwań w celu stworzenia metod badawczych i wskaźników odpowiednich do stosowania tej kategorii.
EN
The paper presents the problem of measuring and evaluating human well-being and socioeconomic development. The goal of the paper is to introduce the term ‘life dignity’, to define it and specify its relation to such terms as living standards and quality of life, and, more importantly, to show the advantages of using life dignity as a benchmark for evaluating urban public space. The term ‘dignity’ is used in other fields of research that have already recommended directions for constructing the index and measuring methods.
EN
The paper presents the principles of a "smart city" as an innovative approach aimed at managing public affairs in a city. First, selected definitions related to the concept of smart governance are presented, and then the thematic areas that are part of the principles of this concept are characterised. Further considerations focus on demonstrating that smart governance in the case of Polish cities requires redefining urban policy objectives, otherwise urban governance will be of a conservative nature, not responding to the needs of present and future generations of urban space users. The main directions of actions that should be reflected in the principles of urban policy so that Polish cities could make more dynamic their development processes, were also presented. One of them is the requirement of the continuous education of society towards the ability to use ICT techniques.
PL
Artykuł prezentuje założenia koncepcji „smart city” – jako nowatorskiego podejścia ukierunkowanego na zarządzanie sprawami publicznymi w mieście. Na wstępie przedstawione zostały wybrane definicje odnoszące się do koncepcji inteligentnego zarządzania, a następnie scharakteryzowano obszary tematyczne wpisujące się w założenia tej koncepcji. Dalsze rozważania koncentrują się na wykazaniu, iż inteligentne zarządzanie w przypadku polskich miast wymaga redefinicji założeń polityki miejskiej. W przeciwnym wypadku zarządzanie w miastach będzie miało charakter zachowawczy, nieodpowiadający potrzebom współczesnych i przyszłych pokoleń użytkowników miejskich przestrzeni. Przedstawiono także główne kierunki działań, jakie powinny znaleźć odwzorowanie w założeniach polityki miejskiej, aby polskie miasta mogły w długim okresie dynamizować procesy rozwojowe. Jednym z nich jest wymóg ustawicznej edukacji społeczeństwa w kierunku zdobywania umiejętności korzystania z technik ICT.
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