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1

Governance and Culture – a New Approach to Understanding Structures of Collaboration

100%

Söpper K., Vienna University of Technology (VUT) D. o. S. D., katharina.soepper@gmx.de

European Spatial Research and Policy

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2014

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vol. 21

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issue 1

EN

The paper aims to contribute to a better understanding of structures of collaboration and their underlying logic by combining theories on Governance and (Planning) Culture. By the introduction of an integrative approach, called the ‘The Culture-Based Governance Analysis’, aspects of both discourses are combined. Factors from the Governance discourse, providing analysis on the frameworks of collaboration, were integrated with factors from the Culture discourse, providing analysis of the underlying reasons for people collaborating or not. This novel approach provides a way to analyze and understand how existing collaborations have developed and the basis on which they operate. As a further step, it enables planners to use this knowledge for the establishment of future collaborations between already active as well as not yet involved actors, for example, in urban redevelopment processes.

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Urban development in Ghent offers new opportunities for industrial heritage and the museum

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Neirinckx P., Pinte M.

Architectus

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2020

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issue 1(61)

37-44

EN

The subject of the article is the process of establishing, and the role of an industrial museum in the former port areas of Ghent. Although Ghent is located about 32 km from the coast, the city is a real sea port. The construction of the Ghent–Terneuzen Canal in 1823–1827 created a direct corridor to the North Sea. From the 19th century, large textile factories began to arise in and around the medieval city center, so that at the end of the 2nd half of the 19th century, Ghent became the most important industrial city of Flanders. This continued until the 1970 crisis. At that time, textile production was moved to countries with lower labor costs and factory buildings were demolished, but the old port basins remained. Port activities were moved north of the city to areas along the canal. The first Museum for Industrial Archaelogy was founded in this area. Fearful of potential loss of important industrial heritage, the small museum took over large steam engines and even port cranes. It gradually became understood that the collection of these large industrial objects in museum conditions is not easy. The Department for Urban Planning began the re-evaluation of the 19th-century industrial belt and the area of the old port. Currently, there is the integration of large technology objects (big stuff) with urban tissue and social life. The port’s heritage is raised to act as a visual and identity carrier, with a particular focus on port cranes. The cooperation between the Department of Urban Planning and the Museum of Industry offers the Museum the opportunity to go outside the walls of the museum to restore big industrial facilities (big stuff) to the old port of the city.

PL

Tematem artykułu jest proces powstawania i rola postindustrialnego muzeum na dawnych terenach portowych Gandawy. Mimo że Gandawa leży około 32 km od wybrzeża, miasto jest prawdziwym morskim portem. Wybudowanie w latach 1823–1827 kanału Ghent–Terneuzen stworzyło bezpośredni korytarz do Morza Północnego. Od XIX w. w średniowiecznym centrum miasta i wokół niego zaczęły powstawać wielkie fabryki tekstylne, tak że pod koniec 2. połowy XIX w. Gandawa stała się najważniejszym miastem przemysłowym Flandrii. Trwało to do kryzysu z roku 1970. Wówczas produkcja tekstylna została przeniesiona do krajów o niższych kosztach siły roboczej, budynki fabryk zostały zburzone, pozostały stare baseny portowe. Działalność „portową” przeniesiono na północ od miasta, na tereny wzdłuż kanału. Na opuszczonym terenie założono pierwsze Muzeum Archeologii Industrialnej. Obawiając się potencjalnej utraty ważnego dziedzictwa przemysłowego, niewielkie muzeum przejęło duże maszyny parowe, a nawet portowe dźwigi. Stopniowo zrozumiano, że gromadzenie tych wielkich obiektów przemysłowych w warunkach muzealnych nie jest łatwe. Departament Planowania Miejskiego rozpoczął rewaloryzację XIX-wiecznego pasa przemysłowego i terenu starego portu. Obecnie zachodzi tu integracja dużych obiektów techniki (big stuff) z tkanką miejską i życiem społecznym. Dziedzictwo portu jest podniesione do pełnienia funkcji nośnika wizualnego i tożsamościowego, ze szczególnym skupieniem uwagi na dźwigach portowych. Współpraca między Departamentem Rozwoju Miejskiego a Muzeum Przemysłu ofiarowuje temu drugiemu możliwość wyjścia poza mury muzeum, by przywrócić duże obiekty przemysłowe staremu portowi miasta.

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Comparing and contrasting the post-1945 re-building of Warsaw and Minsk city centres

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Martyn P.

Acta Albaruthenica

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2022

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issue 22

251-267

BE

Вырашальнае значэнне для Варшавы і Мінска мела г. зв “сталінская эпоха” (1948/9–1955/6 у Варшаве; у савецкім Мінску – з 1945 да канца 1950 х), якая характарызавалася інтэнсіўнай забудовай цэнтральных раёнаў. У Варшаве гэта былі кароткія, але вельмі пакутлівыя сем гадоў, цесна пераплеценыя з узнікненнем Польскай Народнай Рэспублікі. Так быў закладзены падмурак для г. зв. сацыялістычнае сталіцы, якая характарызавалася “камуналізацыяй” маёмасці, дзейнасцю руплівых архітэктараў, якія карысталіся прыхільнасцю партыі, а таксама зносам руінаў многіх будынкаў, якія можна было рэстаўраваць – прынамсі, камяніцаў “буржуазна-капіталістычнай” эпохі 1850–1914 гг. Рэканструкцыя ў сталіцы БССР і сёння карыстаецца вялікім прызнаннем у сувязі з яе ператварэннем у мільённы горад. Безаблічная раней, галоўная вуліца набыла характар візітоўкі горада ў выглядзе праспекта Сталіна (цяпер праспект Незалежнасці); часткова рэканструяваны вуліцы Леніна, Энгельса, Карла Маркса і іншыя цэнтральныя камунікацыйныя праспекты. У той час як ключавыя помнікі былі знесены, усё яшчэ адметная архітэктура з 1850–1914 гадоў звычайна рэканструявалася і часта адаптавалася да сталінскай эстэтыкі. “Гістарычны Мінск” пачаў выдумляцца нанава, старанна адбудоўвацца толькі пасля 1991 г. У падсумаванні аўтар звяртаецца да даваеннага архітэктурна-прасторавага характару Варшавы і Мінска, іх разбурэння падчас Другой сусветнай вайны, а таксама наступных этапаў рэканструкцыі пасля ключавое “сталінскае эпохі”, якая вызначыла істотныя рысы гарадской архітэктуры і прасторавай планіроўкі, уведзеных пасля 1945 г.

PL

Decydujące znaczenie w przypadku Warszawy i Mińska miał tzw. „epizod stalinowski” (1948/9–1955/6 w Warszawie; trwający od 1945 aż do końca lat 50. XX w. w sowieckim Mińsku), charakteryzujący się intensywnymi pracami budowlanymi w dzielnicach centralnych. W Warszawie było to niedługie, lecz bardzo dotkliwe siedmiolecie, ściśle splecione z powstaniem PRL. W ten sposób położono podwaliny pod tak zwaną stolicę socjalistyczną, która zaznaczyła się jako okres „komunalizacji” majątku, działalności zagorzałych architektów cieszących się przychylnością Partii oraz burzenia wypalonych ruin wielu gotowych do odrestaurowania budynków – przede wszystkim kamienic czynszowych z piętnowanej epoki „burżuazyjno-kapitalistycznej” z ok. 1850–1914. Odbudowa w stolicy BSRR wciąż cieszy się dużym uznaniem ze względu na przekształcenie jej w ponadmilionowe miasto. Zatarta w swym dawnym biegu główna ulica nabrała charakteru wizytówki miasta w postaci alei Stalina (obecnie Niepodległości); ulice Lenina, Engelsa, Karola Marksa oraz kolejne centralne aleje komunikacyjne przeszły częściową przebudowę. Podczas gdy kluczowe zabytki zostały zburzone, wciąż wyróżniająca się architektura z ok. 1850–1914 była zazwyczaj poddawana renowacji i nierzadko podwyższana lub dostosowana do estetyki stalinowskiej. „Historyczny Mińsk” zaczął być wymyślany na nowo, z czasem starannie odbudowany dopiero po 1991 r. W podsumowaniu autor nawiązuje do przedwojennego charakteru architektoniczno-przestrzennego Warszawy i Mińska, ich zniszczeń w trakcie drugiej wojny światowej oraz dalszych faz przebudowy, dokonywanych po kluczowym „epizodzie” stalinowskim, który zdecydował o istotnych cechach architektury miejskiej i układu przestrzennego wprowadzonego po 1945 r.

EN

The so-called “Stalinist episode” (1948/9–1955/6 in Warsaw; 1945 dragged out to the late-1950s in Soviet-held Minsk) was of crucial significance to both cities, being marked by intensive construction work primarily focussed on the respective city centres. In Warsaw, this was a brief and highly-charged seven or so years intricately intertwined with setting up the Polish People’s Republic. The foundations were thus laid for a so-called socialist capital city, characterised by ‘communalisation’ of property, zealous architects enjoying Party favour and ripping down the burnt-out ruins of a great many readily restorable buildings; above all tenement houses from the anathematised «bougeois-capitalist» era of c.1850–1914.Re-building in the capital of the BSSR still enjoys wide recognition for transforming it into a million+ city. The obliterated main street became the showpiece Stalin (now Independence) Avenue; Lenin, Engels, Karl Marks, other central streets undergoing partial redevelopment. While key historic monuments were ripped down, the still prominent remnant architecture from c.1850–1914 was typically restored, heightened or readapted to suit the Stalinist aesthetic. ‘Historic Minsk’ began to be reinvented after 1991. Summary reference is additionally made to the respective pre-1939 and pre-1941 urban-architectural profiles of Warsaw and Minsk, their wartime destruction and continued urban redevelopment beyond the key Stalinist ‘episode’ that had defined vital aspects of the post-1945 built urban environment.

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1 Acta Albaruthenica

1 Architectus

1 European Spatial Research and Policy

1 Martyn P.

1 Neirinckx P.

1 Pinte M.

1 Söpper K.

1 Vienna University of Technology (VUT) D. o. S. D.

1 katharina.soepper@gmx.de

1 2022

1 2020

1 2014

Governance and Culture – a New Approach to Understanding Structures of Collaboration

Urban development in Ghent offers new opportunities for industrial heritage and the museum

Comparing and contrasting the post-1945 re-building of Warsaw and Minsk city centres