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Multi-element analysis of urine using dynamic reaction cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-DRC-MS) - A practical application

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Brodzka R., Trzcinka-Ochocka M., Janasik B.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2013

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vol. 26

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issue 2

302-312

EN

Objectives: The method for the determination of As, Al, Cd, Ni, Pb (toxic elements) and Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn (essential elements) in human urine by the use of Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (quadrupole ICP-MS DRCe Elan, Perkin Elmer) with the dynamic reaction cell (DRC) was developed. Materials and Methods: The method has been applied for multi-element analysis of the urine of 16 non-exposed healthy volunteers and 27 workers employed in a copper smelter. The analysis was conducted after initial 10-fold dilution of the urine samples with 0,1% nitric acid. Rhodium was used as an internal standard. The method validation parameters such as detection limit, sensitivity, precision were described for all elements. Accuracy of the method was checked by the regular use of certified reference materials ClinCheck®-Control Urine (Recipe) as well as by participation of the laboratory in the German External Quality Assessment Scheme (G-EQUAS). Results: The detection limits (DL 3s) of the applied method were 0.025, 0.007, 0.002, 0.004, 0.004, 0.086, 0.037, 0.009, 0.016, 0.008, 0.064 (μg/l) for Al, As, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn in urine, respectively. For each element linearity with correlation coefficient of at least 0.999 was determined. Spectral interferences from some of the ions were removed using DRC-e with addition of alternative gas: methane for cobalt, copper, cadmium, chromium, iron, manganese, nickel and rhodium, and oxygen for arsenic. Conclusions: The developed method allows to determine simultaneously eleven elements in the urine with low detection limits, high sensitivity and good accuracy. Moreover, the method is appropriate for the assessment of both environmental and occupational exposure.

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Analytical strategies for assessing occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs in healthcare workplaces

86%

Dugheri S., Bonari A., Pompilio I., Boccalon P., Tognoni D., Cecchi M., Ughi M., Mucci N., Arcangeli G.

Medycyna Pracy

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2018

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vol. 69

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issue 6

589-604

EN

Background Cytotoxic antineoplastic drugs (ADs), widely used in treating cancer, are considered hazardous in the workplace and thus require safe handling practices. An analytical protocol for environmental and biological AD monitoring in the healthcare environment has been developed, since Europe lacks clear guidelines and regulations for cytostatic preparation and handling. Material and Methods Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used for measuring contemporaneously 20 multi-class cytostatic compounds and urinary α-fluoro-β-alanine, whereas platinum was detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Sampling procedures and analytical conditions were optimized and the assays were validated. Environmental AD monitoring data, collected in 2009–2017, for a total of 3749 wipe tests and 57 720 determinations, was evaluated. Results The proportion of positive samples gradually decreased from 11.7% in 2010 to 1% in 2017, however, 2266 determinations were positive. No urine sample had detectable concentrations of any of the 4 drugs considered (0/398 samples). Conclusions These improvements are so large that the key role played by the new, more stringent rules for preparing and administering ADs is evident. Hence, the analytical method involving multi-element determinations allows for a more thorough and complete investigation into the AD contamination of work environments. Med Pr 2018;69(6):589–604

3

Serum activities of liver enzymes in workers exposed to sub-TLV levels of dimethylformamide

86%

He J., Liu J., Kong Y., Yang W., Zhang Z.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2015

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vol. 28

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issue 2

395-398

EN

Objectives The aim of this study has been to investigate serum activities of liver enzymes in workers exposed to sub-TLV levels of dimethylformamide (DMF). Material and Methods Seventy-two workers and 72 healthy controls participated in the study. All subjects underwent complete physical examinations and abdominal ultrasound examination. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and c-glutamyl transpeptidase (c-GT) were determined by an auto-chemistry analyzer. The data of airborne concentrations of DMF was obtained from the local Center of Disease Control and Prevention. The level of urine N-acetyl-S-(N-methylcarbamoyl)cysteine (AMCC) was measured by means of high-performance liquid chromatography. Results Time weighted average (TWA) concentration of the DMF in workplace was 18.6 (range: 9.8–36.2) mg/m³. The concentration of the AMCC in workers’ urine was 28.32 (range: 1.8–58.6) mg/l and 9 workers’ AMCC exceeded the biological exposure index (40 mg/l). Thirty-one workers reported gastrointestinal symptoms (abdominal pain, nausea, anorexia) and 10 workers reported headache, dizziness and/or palpitation in the exposed group. Serum analysis revealed that both the mean of serum activities of liver enzymes (ALT, AST and c-GT) and the percentage of workers with abnormal liver function were significantly higher in the exposed group as compared to the controls. Conclusions Dimethylformamide can cause liver damage even if air concentration is in the sub-threshold limit value (sub-TLV) level. The protection of skin contact against the exposure to the DMF might be a critical issue as far as the occupational health is concerned.

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Electronic noses for monitoring benzene occupational exposure in biological samples of Egyptian workers

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Mohamed E. I., Khalil G. I., Abdel-Mageed S. M., Bayoumi A. M., Ramadan H. S., Kotb M. A.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2013

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vol. 26

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issue 1

165-172

EN

Objectives: Benzene is commonly emitted in several industries, leading to widespread environmental and occupational exposure hazards. While less toxic solvents have been substituted for benzene, it is still a component of petroleum products and is a trace impurity in industrial products resulting in continued higher occupational exposures in industrial settings in developing countries. Materials and Methods: We investigated the potential use of an electronic nose (e-nose) to monitor the headspace volatiles in biological samples from benzene-exposed Egyptian workers and non-exposed controls. The study population comprised 150 non-smoking male workers exposed to benzene and an equal number of matching non-exposed controls. We determined biomarkers of benzene used to estimate exposure and risk including: benzene in exhaled air and blood; and its urinary metabolites such as phenol and muconic acid using gas chromatography technique and a portable e-nose. Results: The average benzene concentration measured in the ambient air of the workplace of all studied industrial settings in Alexandria, Egypt; was 97.56±88.12 μg/m³ (range: 4.69–260.86 μg/m³). Levels of phenol and muconic acid were signifi cantly (p < 0.001) higher in both blood and urine of benzene-exposed workers as compared to non-exposed controls. Conclusions: The e-nose technology has successfully classifi ed and distinguished benzene-exposed workers from non-exposed controls for all measured samples of blood, urine and the exhaled air with a very high degree of precision. Thus, it will be a very useful tool for the low-cost mass screening and early detection of health hazards associated with the exposure to benzene in the industry.

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Serum and urinary β-glucuronidase in acute alcohol intoxication: a pilot study

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Waszkiewicz N., Zalewska-Szajda B., Buras A., Szulc A., Zwierz K., Ładny J., Szajda S.

Progress in Health Sciences

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2012

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vol. 2

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issue 2

52-56

EN

Introduction: Beta-glucuronidase (GLU) is a member of the lysosomal glycosidase family that catalyzes hydrolysis of β-D-glucuronic acid residues from the non-reducing end of glycosaminoglycans. Increased activities of GLU have been earlier reported in the serum of alcohol-dependent patients after a chronic heavy drinking period but not after acute intoxication (called binge drinking). The accelerating binge drinking pheno-menon is an alarming public health issue that requires better prevention. Purpose: To determine the activity serum and urinary GLU, after an acute, single, and a large dose of alcohol intoxication. Materials and methods: The serum and urine of eight healthy binge drinkers were collected before binge drinking, and 2 and five days after the drinking session. The activity of GLU was determined by the colorimetric method. Results: There was a tendency to decrease in the serum GLU activity two days after acute alcohol intoxication (binge drinking), which was followed by the significant increase in the GLU activity five days after drinking. The urinary activity of GLU was not changed after intoxication. Conclusion: Alcohol-induced imbalance in the serum GLU activity might be associated with alcohol-induced liver hypoxia and subsequent reperfusion, and can be detected even five days after the drinking session.

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Ujawnianie śladów traseologicznych

72%

Kozdrój-Miler K., Jędraszek J., Klemczak K.

Problemy Kryminalistyki

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2022

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issue 315

EN

Modern visualisation techniques offer great opportunities for visualising trace evidence, both fingerprint and footwear impression evidence. However, in the case of the latter, opportunities presented by these techniques are used only to a small extent. This article is addressed to forensic technicians and experts in the field of footwear impression evidence and fingerprints examination. It aims to present and organise information about contrasting, visualising, and collecting the most common footwear impression evidence: three-dimensional impression, impressions of dry origin (i.e. left with dust) and of wet origin (i.e. left with mud/soil, blood or urine) number of visualised and collected footwear impression evidence

PL

Współczesne techniki wizualizacji dają bardzo duże możliwości ujawniania śladów, zarówno dermatoskopijnych, jak i traseologicznych. Jednak w przypadku tych drugich możliwości te są wykorzystywane tylko w niewielkim stopniu. Niniejszy artykuł skierowany jest do techników kryminalistyki oraz biegłych z dziedziny traseologii i daktyloskopii i ma na celu przybliżenie oraz usystematyzowanie wiedzy dotyczącej kontrastowania, ujawniania i zabezpieczania najczęściej spotykanych śladów traseologicznych: śladów wgłębionych, „suchych” – pyłowych oraz „mokrych” – pozostawionych błotem/glebą, krwią lub moczem na podłożach różnego typu. Autorzy liczą, że zebrana w artykule wiedza pomoże zwiększyć liczbę ujawnianych i zabezpieczanych śladów traseologicznych.

Refine search results

Multi-element analysis of urine using dynamic reaction cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-DRC-MS) - A practical application

Analytical strategies for assessing occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs in healthcare workplaces

Serum activities of liver enzymes in workers exposed to sub-TLV levels of dimethylformamide

Electronic noses for monitoring benzene occupational exposure in biological samples of Egyptian workers

Serum and urinary β-glucuronidase in acute alcohol intoxication: a pilot study

Ujawnianie śladów traseologicznych