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EN
This article presents the problem of immigrant integration in Poland, which was investigated in a 2022 diagnostic survey of 56 immigrants living in Krakow. The respondents were asked about their opinions on participation in Polish holidays and traditions, introducing their Polish friends to the customs and traditions of their culture, and participation in Polish cultural life (Polish cinema, Polish theater, Polish exhibitions, and concerts of Polish artists). The analysis of the surveyed indicators shows that the vast majority of the respondents (approx. 70–80%) integrate with the host society to a high degree. The vast majority of the respondents (nearly 90%) claimed that they familiarize their Polish friends with their national culture. Sixty-five percent of the respondents claimed that they participate in Polish cultural life very often or often. However, it is still necessary to take care of this group of immigrants who have problems with integration, so there is a need to modify integration policies, as well as to introduce intercultural education to schools and universities in a wider scope.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia problem integracji imigrantów w Polsce, który próbowano zbadać za pomocą przeprowadzonych w 2022 roku metodą sondażu diagnostycznego badań, w których wzięło udział 56 imigrantów mieszkających w Krakowie. Aby osiągnąć zamierzony cel badawczy, zapytano badanych m.in. o opinie na temat uczestnictwa w polskich świętach i tradycjach, zapoznawania swoich polskich znajomych ze zwyczajami i tradycjami charakterystycznymi dla swojej kultury, uczestnictwa w polskim życiu kulturalnym (polskie kino, polski teatr, polskie wystawy, koncerty polskich artystów). Z analizy badanych wskaźników wynika, że zdecydowana większość badanych (ok. 70–80%) w wysokim stopniu integruje się ze społeczeństwem przyjmującym. Zdecydowana większość badanych (blisko 90%) twierdziła, że polskich znajomych zapoznaje ze swoją kulturą narodową. 65% badanych twierdziło, że bardzo często bądź często uczestniczy w polskim życiu kulturalnym. Wciąż jednak należy dbać o tę grupę imigrantów, która ma problemy z integracją. Istnieje potrzeba modyfikowania polityki integracji, a także wprowadzania w szerszym zakresie edukacji międzykulturowej do szkół oraz na uczelnie wyższe.        
EN
The aim of the article is to show transformations in selected Polish school ceremonies over decades during tens of years in a case study of schools in the city of Bialystok. The presented results are the result of the joint research project conducted by the Department of the History of Education of the Faculty of Pedagogy and Psychology at the University of Bialystok and the Bialystok Open Air Museum (the Branch of Podlaskie Museum in Bialystok) in 2011. The work shows the period of the Second Polish Republic (1918-39), the Polish People’s Republic (1945 – 89) and the present day (since 1989). It helps to show a more comparative point of view. The article describes the yearly cycle of school ceremonials, and especially shows those holidays which have undergone social changes most. The main goal of the ethnographic-historical research was to record forms of school ceremonies and to analyze their course and significance in the school system and the social system. Aschool environment is a microsphere of society, where the importance, kinds, and forms of school ceremonies are changed depending on social transformations. To collect empirical material, research methods and tools from social sciences were used (i.e. surveys, questionnaires collected from teachers, students, and their parents). The valuable basis of knowledge about ceremonies was school documents and school chronicles, which needed reliable and critical analysis because they are indirect historical sources.
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