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EN
Early works by Zygmunt Krasiński were full of travel reports and descriptions of acknowledged landscapes. They demonstrate a particular visual sensitivity of the young writer. Starting in 1832 an eye disease prevented the development of this writing. The poet saddled with amblyopia wrote about his difficulty in letters to family and friends. The illness was treated by him as a psychosomatic – the effect of disturbances on the way between the eye and the heart that was wounded by the inability to participate in the November Uprising. The consequences of the disease (restrictions of social life, loneliness, inability to read) were recognised by Krasiński as circumstances conducive to intellectual work (in his writings the role of internal dialogue and philosophical debate systematically increased). The disease, however, imposed unnatural conditions on the writer’s work (the need for a secretary assistance), which limited the number of autographs, further reduced by the family in the course of organizing the family archive.
EN
Becoming blind in adulthood, which is a serious permanent disability, is considered to be a critical life event that lowers a person’s well-being and increases the need for social support. The effectiveness of support depends on many interrelated factors, among which the following are of fundamental importance: the nature of the problems experienced, individual traits of the person with acquired blindness and social networks’ characteristics. Effective support facilitates the process of adaption to vision loss as well as prevents mental disorders and a permanent deterioration of the quality of life. Lack of or inadequate social support as well as support that is not adapted to the current needs and capabilities of the person losing his or her vision in terms of its scope and type has a negative impact on the coping process. This article’s purpose is to review and analyze selected research on relationships between various aspects of social support - emotional and tangible support in particular – and adaptation to vision loss in adulthood. It presents studies whose findings have high application value in designing effective rehabilitation models for adults with acquired blindness and in supporting their family members.
PL
Nabycie w fazie dorosłości poważnej, trwałej niepełnosprawności, jaką jest niewidzenie, uznaje się za krytyczne zdarzenie życiowe, które obniża dobrostan osoby i zwiększa zapotrzebowanie na wsparcie społeczne. Efektywność wsparcia zależy od wielu wzajemnie powiązanych czynników, wśród których zasadnicze znaczenie mają: charakter doświadczanych problemów, indywidualne cechy osoby ociemniałej oraz właściwości sieci społecznych. Skuteczne wsparcie ułatwia proces przystosowania do utraty wzroku oraz zapobiega zaburzeniom psychicznym i trwałemu pogorszeniu jakości życia. Brak lub niedostatek wsparcia społecznego, jak również jego niedostosowanie pod względem zakresu i rodzaju do aktualnych potrzeb i możliwości osoby tracącej wzrok odgrywa negatywną rolę w procesie radzenia sobie. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest dokonanie przeglądu i analizy wybranych badań dotyczących związków zachodzących między różnymi aspektami wsparcia społecznego, zwłaszcza emocjonalnego i instrumentalnego, a adaptacją do utraty wzroku w dorosłości. W tekście zaprezentowano badania, których wyniki mają dużą wartość aplikacyjną dla projektowania efektywnych modeli rehabilitacji dorosłych osób z nabytym niewidzeniem oraz wspomagania członków ich rodzin.
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