The article deals with the problems related to phenomenon of so-called sentence equivalents in the description of Czech syntax as well as with the connection of this label to what is termed the sentence-utterance distinction. In the 1970s, this distinction was actively discussed by Czech linguists. The article shows that the acceptance or refusal of this distinction as well as the assumed existence of sentence equivalents (mostly identified with context-dependent constructions without verbs) is anchored in the accepted theoretical concept of the very notion of predication. With certain simplification, predication can be considered either a logical-semantic relationship of a predicate to a subject or a speaker’s pragmatic act of predication. What has been called the sentence equivalent might be related to the latter interpretation. Furthermore, the paper maps the occurrence and explanation of what are posited as sentence equivalents in Czech syntactic scholarly texts and school textbooks. With the exception of the outcome of the Functional Generative Description (Panevová et al., 2014) where sentence equivalents are explained as a result of ellipsis, the exemplification of the phenomenon elsewhere (especially in school textbooks) is inconsistent and confusing. As a result, the paper suggests that this label should not be used due to its conceptual vagueness.
Until now, Czech grammars have focused primarily on the syntax of written texts, paying little attention to spoken discourse. In the present article, the authors have sought to a) explore the existing works on syntax to identify references to features peculiar to spoken Czech (normally classified as “deviations from regular sentence patterns”); b) complement them with findings of Czech dialectologists; and c) expand the context to include results of the few authors who consistently explore spoken Czech and its syntax (particularly O. Müllerová and M. Hirschová). The inventory of features so far identified as peculiar to spoken syntax includes, among other things, syntactic units appended after a point of syntactic completion, parentheses, corrections, reported speech, the free dative etc. In addition to syntax, some of the features belong to the lexical-syntactic level (conjunctions, particles, phatic expressions), while others concern hypersyntax (the proportion of parataxis, hypotaxis and juxtaposition). The syntax of spoken Czech is to be understood as a syntax of utterances and turns (not of sentences); it has to be investigated in terms of its dialogic and processual nature, with a clear orientation to the sound form of syntactic structures and to the role of non-verbal means of communication.
The article focuses on the presentation of some specific aspects of Czech spoken syntax. It draws attention to several methodological problems accompanying research of this kind. It is based on articles published in the journal Naše řeč.
The article analyses the employment law related to the process of the appointment and dismissal of the dean of a public university. Although these procedures affect a relatively small group of individuals, it is important to keep in mind that if the legal certainty of the position of the faculty’s top official is not ensured, the employment relationships of other employees of the affected faculty, and thus the entire university, can be seriously disrupted. The issue under review must be seen in both a private and a public law context. In the private law context, it is necessary to answer whether the appointment of a dean gives rise to a new employment relationship or whether the existing employment relationship changes in terms of the type of work (including a change to a multiple employment relationship). At the same time, attention must be paid to the interrelationship between the termination of the employment relationship and the removal from office. Furthermore, the provisions of the Labour Code must be interpreted in relation to the relevant provisions of the Higher Education Act, which provides for specific procedural procedures for the appointment and removal of a senior faculty official. The procedures laid down in the law are applicable to all public universities of the university type. Different procedures apply in the case of Catholic theological faculties where the position of dean is filled with the participation of the Congregation for Catholic Education in Rome.
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Článek analyzuje pracovněprávní souvislosti spojené s procesem jmenování a odvolání děkana veřejné vysoké školy. Byť se jedná o poměrně úzký segment osob, kterých se předmětné procedury dotýkají, je třeba mít na zřeteli, že není-li dána jistota právní pozice u vrcholného funkcionáře fakulty, mohou být závažným způsobem paralyzovány pracovněprávní vztahy ostatních zaměstnanců dotčené fakulty, potažmo celé univerzity. Zkoumaná problematika musí být vnímána jak v soukromoprávním, tak veřejnoprávním kontextu. V soukromoprávním měřítku je zapotřebí zodpovědět, zda jmenováním děkana do funkce dochází ke vzniku nového pracovního poměru, či se stávající pracovní poměr mění co do druhu práce (a to včetně změny na pracovní poměr s vícečetným druhem práce). Současně musí být pozornost věnována vzájemným vztahům mezi skončením pracovního poměru a odvoláním z funkce. Ustanovení zákoníku práce je dále nutno vykládat v návaznosti na relevantní ustanovení zákona o vysokých školách, jenž pro jmenování i odvolání vrcholného fakultního funkcionáře stanoví zvláštní procesní postupy. Zákonem stanovené procedury jsou aplikovatelné pro všechny veřejné vysoké školy univerzitního typu. Odchylné procedury se uplatní v případě katolických teologických fakult, u nichž je pozice děkana obsazována se spolupůsobením Kongregace pro katolickou výchovu v Římě.
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