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Introduction. In today’s world, tobacco is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality and is associated with unhealthy behavior. Poland is among the countries with high rates of smoking, and occurrence of tobacco related diseases. Tobacco use by children and adolescents is a serious public health problem because of the immediate and long-lasting harmful effects on health. A large group of current smokers begin smoking during youth. The goal of the work was to culturally and linguistically adapt, and test and pre-evaluate a Polish version of the National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS), which identifies and monitors trends in tobacco use among young people. Materials and methods. The test was administered by a test-retest method in 2015 with participation of 47 (25 girls and 22 boys) people aged 17–18. Respondents filled out the questionnaire twice within two weeks. The compliance percentage of individual test items and correlations between individual items in repeated measurements were evaluated. Results. More than seventy percent have reliability ratios at very high or high levels with twenty five percent at moderate levels. Conclusion. The tested Polish version of the NYTS questionnaire may be used in adolescent studies.
EN
In this study, I investigated parenting concerns and worries in parents during cancer treatment and examined the psychometric properties of the Polish version of the Parenting Concerns Questionnaire. Reliability, as well as factorial and convergent validity, were analyzed. A total sample size of 145 parents during cancer treatment (parents of children aged 18 years or younger at the time of the survey) participated in the study. The study was an online survey method conducted between January 2019 and December 2021. Parents were sent a survey link and were requested to fill the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), the Parenting Stress Index (PSI-3-SF), the SF-36v2 Health Survey (SF-36v2), and the Family Resilience Assessment Scale (FRAS). The author received permission for using these questionnaires in online research. Confirmatory factor analysis of the Polish version of the Parenting Concerns Questionnaire did not confirm the original three-factor structure. However, the standardized factor loadings for the three factors were moderate to high. Additionally, apart from high-reliability estimates, this instrument proved to have good convergent and discriminant validity for all three factors. The PCQ-PL demonstrated adequate convergent validity with expected correlations with parenting stress, perceived stress, quality of life, and family resilience. The results suggest that the PCQ-PL is a reliable and relatively valid measurement tool to evaluate the level of parental concerns in Polish patients. The PCQ can be a useful tool to recognize parents with cancer who might need psychological support regarding combining the role of a parent and oncological patient.
EN
The present study was conducted as part of a larger study that aimed to compare moral judgment competence and moral preferences among Pakistani students of public and private sector educational institutes and religious institutes and also to measure the pattern of development of moral judgment competence of students within these institutes. The validation study completed in two phases, during the 1st phase data were collected from the students of grade 8 to 16 from public sector schools and colleges of Rawalpindi city. Very low mean c-score was observed (M = 13.60, SD = 9.05), the test came out to be valid on preference hierarchy criterion but its validity on the cognitive-affective parallelism and Quasi- simplex structure criteria could not be established due to low c-scores of the sample. In the second phase an additional sample from one private sector and two public sector universities was collected. The analysis of the combined sample (N = 246) showed no significant improvement of c-scores (M = 13.94, SD = 9.53). The test meets well the preference hierarchy criterion but on the other two criteria results remain inconclusive due to low variance in the sample. The low c-scores are explained on the basis of three assumptions; (1) poor quality of education, (2) dogmatic religiosity, and (3) weak and instable political structure of Pakistani society.
EN
The findings obtained by G. Lind using his original research instrument – the Moral Competence Test – suggest that universities lack the capacity to foster students’ moral competence development. The MCT has been translated into 39 languages, all of which have gone through the necessary validation procedure. The article reports on the MCT validation study for the 40th language, namely Lithuanian. The research sample consisted of 526 students of English/German/French languages, future foreign language teachers, in the 1 st to 4th years of study at two universities in Lithuania: the former Vilnius Pedagogical University and the Vilnius University. The majority of the respondents demonstrated low or medium level of moral competence. On the basis of this cross-sectional study (2019–2020), the MCT for Lithuanian has been successfully validated and certified. In the following article, we present and discuss all the validation criteria and revisit the theoretical background of MCT. We also argue for educating students in moral competence and evaluating the effects of moral competence promotion in academic contexts.
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