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1
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System wartości ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem rangi pracy wśród Dorosłych Dzieci Alkoholików

100%
Wawrzyniak I., Instytut Psychologii U. Ł.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Psychologica
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2001
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vol. 05
EN
The research submitted evidence to confirm differences in value systems between Adult Children of Alcoholics and persons from families with no alcohol problem. Differences in significance of particular work aspects between the examined groups, were also confirmed.
2
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Entrepreneurship of Poles in the light of changes in value systems

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Gruszewska E.
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
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2017
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vol. 20
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issue 8
101-118
EN
Poland’s transformation is occurring in individuals’ attitudes and behaviour. Several years ago, the entrepreneur was associated in Poland with corruption and borderline legal activities. Today, many entrepreneurs are looked upon as positive role models. Social acceptance of entrepreneurial attitudes in Poland is growing. Increased susceptibility to entrepreneurial behaviour in society will increase the rate at which new businesses are established, enhancing market dynamics and accelerating innovative changes. In Poland, however, entrepreneurs are not seen as a positive example, unlike in the United States. Willingness to take risks, selfexpression and independence are not met with social acceptance, especially if rewarded with high incomes. The research undertaken by the author is aimed at analysing the essence of entrepreneurial attitudes and changes in the social acceptance of entrepreneurial behaviour.
3
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Время и язык: системы оценки

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ДЕМЕНТЬЕВ В. В.
Stylistyka
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2007
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vol. 16
21-54
RU
The value systems are different in different languages. In diachronia these systems vary at a high degree. Changes in this sphere may be connected either with single value lexemes, lexical-semantic groups or much morę generał value systems. This article is devoted to researching some of these whole-language value systems. Changes in the mo- ral-ethic sphere of oppositiveness and continuality in Russian, English and some other European languages are analyzed. Much attention of the author is devoted to the opposi- tion “personal ~ impersonal” in the Russian language as well as to its correspondence to other languages.  
4
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Transformacja wartości a postawy przedsiębiorcze Polaków

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Gruszewska E.
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
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2014
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vol. 17
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issue 3
91-101
EN
Poland’s transformation occurs in individuals’ attitudes and behaviour. Several years ago, the entrepreneur in Poland was associated with corruption and border-line legal activities. Today, many entrepreneurs are looked upon as positive role models. Social acceptance of entrepreneurial attitudes in Poland is growing. Increased susceptibility to entrepreneurial behaviour in a society will increase the rate at which new businesses are established, enhancing market dynamics, and accelerating innovative changes. But in Poland entrepreneurs are not seen as a positive example, unlike in the United States. Willingness to take risks, self-expression and independence are not met with social acceptance, especially if rewarded with high incomes. The research undertaken by the author is aimed at analysing the essence of entrepreneurial attitudes and changes in the social acceptance of entrepreneurial behaviour.
5
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Osobní hodnoty a hodnotové systémy studentů a pracovníků humanitního zaměření

75%
Křeménková L.
Psychologie a její kontexty
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2015
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vol. 6
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issue 2
17-35
EN
Problem: The aim of this paper is to analyze the value orientation of university students and workers in humanities and then determine possible differences between these groups in the context of branches of occupation, school results and gender. Methods: The sample consisted of 158 university students aged 19-24 years (mean age = 20.8) and 170 humanities workers aged 29-48 years (mean age=36.8). Respondents were divided into following groups: men (N = 72), women (N = 256), students’ school results A (N = 43), B (N = 47), C (N = 35), D (N = 29), E (N = 4) and worker´s branch of occupation: teachers in the kindergarten (N = 34), special education teachers (N = 32), high school teachers (N = 47), educational workers (N = 31) and civil servants (N = 26). We used a Rokeach Value Survey (RVS) which is designed to measure two sets of values. One set is composed of 18 terminal values or desired end states of existence (e.g., an exciting life, national security), and the other set is composed of 18 instrumental values, or preferable modes of behavior (e.g., being ambitious, independent). Then, subjects are asked to rank order each value as to its importance as a guiding principle in their life. A 1 indicates the most important value and an 18 the least important. Scale responses are considered ordinal.Data were analyzed using SPSS. Results: We analyzed the preference of values depending on the gender. Pearson’s ?2 analyses indicated that men are significantly more (often) „Effective Crusaders“ than women and women are significantly more (often) „Virtuous Advocates“ than men, ?2 (3) = 13.817, p= .003, ?c = .205. After that we analyzed the preference of values depending on depending on the type of employment. Pearson’s ?2analyses indicated that students are significantly more (often) „Virtuous Advocates“ than workers and workers are significantly more (often) „Effective Crusaders“ and „Independent Maximizers“ than students, ?2 (3) = 61.414, p= .000, ?c = .433.Subsequently we analyzed the preference of values depending on the student´s school results. Pearson’s ?2analyses indicated that there si no significant differences among students divided into groups according to the school results, ?2 (12) = 10.695, p = .555. Finally we analyzed the preference of values depending on the type of work. Pearson’s ?2analyses indicated that there si no significant differences among workers divided into groups according to the type of work, ?2 (12) = 12.456, p = .410. Discussion: Analysis confirmed differences in the preference of values depending on the gender and type of employment. These correspond with the results of earlier studies (cf. Rokeach, 1973; Broek & Moor, 1994; Inglehart, 1997; Hitlin & Piliavin, 2004; Schwartz & Rubel-Lifschitz, 2005, 2009; Schwartz, 2006; Hofmann-Towfigh, 2007). It appears that differences in the values ranking in relation to gender are conditioned by various social conditions, education and individual experiences. The last two research questions were focused on the preference of values depending on the study results and the type of employment. In both cases, the mentioned groups showed no significant differences. Thus, we assume that these factors do not affect the preference of specific values. Value orientation is thus more likely to be tied to a deeper personal characteristics or external determinants in socialization. The study results, as well as the choice of a particular job has probably been effected by different motivational factors than those who activate behavior in the direction of preference selected values. Conclussion: The concept of values is still an important issue in contemporary psychology. Although today's Western society is very focused on performance and the current trend tends to support other than the humanities, we believe that the analysis of the structure of values and value system of the humanities is also important because of the large number of students and staff working in these areas. Values are generally a topic that touches every human being and every human action relates to questions of values and how it fits into the broader concept of personality structure and external determinant. Due to the dynamic changes of today's society, it seems that the concept of values will acquire greater importance and probably will go through changes.
6
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Values and their significance in human life

63%
Bursová J.
Zeszyty Naukowe Ostrołęckiego Towarzystwa Naukowego
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2016
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vol. Zeszyt
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issue XXX
397-402
PL
W przeszłości Epos próbował odpowiedzieć na pytanie „Czym jest wartość?”. Zdefiniowaniem tego pojęcia zajmuje się wielu filozofów, a zawłaszcza tych, którzy próbują stworzyć uniwersalny system wartości. Właściwy system wartości jest bardzo ważny zwłaszcza wśród młodych pokoleń, które żyją na otwartych przestrzeniach i przyswajają nie tylko swoją lecz także kultury innych krajów. Na obecne postawy wpływ miały również gwałtowne zmiany ow czasach postmodernizmu co zwiększa ryzyko na pewnym etapie rozwoju człowieka, więc istotnym jest posiadanie poprawnego systemu wartości.
EN
In the past, the Epos addressed the question of values. Defining the term itself is subject to review by many philosophers, especially those who have tried to create a universal value system. Proper value system is very important especially in the young generation that lives in open space who acquires not only their culture but also the cultures of other countries. The current period was also characterized by rapid changes and the time of postmodernism thus amplify the riskiness of a life stage of life, so it is important the correct value chain of values.
7
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Transformacja instytucji nieformalnych w Polsce

63%
Gruszewska E.
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
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2012
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vol. 254
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issue 3
61-83
EN
The article examines the changes that have taken place in Poland’s informal institutions during the country’s political and economic transition from 1989 to 2009, as compared with other countries in Central and Eastern Europe. The author also sets out to determine to what extent the informal components of the institutional system laid the groundwork for formal institutions and whether changes in informal institutions were aimed in the right direction-whether they supplemented and reinforced the work of formal institutions. The comparative analysis of the informal components of the institutional system was based on a study of value systems, using research findings obtained by Ronald Inglehart and Christian Welzel as well as data from the World Values Survey. The author concludes that: a) the changes introduced in Poland’s formal institutions during the country’s political and economic transition after the fall of communism have been incompatible with the development of the informal components of the institutional system; b) Poland’s informal institutions have undergone an evolution leading to a change in value systems in a direction consistent with the processes observed in highly developed countries; c) the most far-reaching changes involved an increase in self-expression values accompanied by a weakening of conservative values; d) there was also a slight increase in indicators reflecting rational values. The level of rationalism in Poland is lower than in other transition economies such as the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary. At the same time, traditional values hold strong in Poland, which, according to the author, is one of the signs of maladjustment between the informal and formal components of the institutional system (and consequently an institutional imbalance).
PL
Celem artykułu było zbadanie zmian, jakie dokonały się w instytucjach nieformalnych w okresie transformacji systemowej w Polsce na tle innych krajów Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej w latach 1989-2009. Ważna była również odpowiedź na pytania, na ile nieformalne składniki układu instytucjonalnego stanowiły odpowiedni grunt dla tworzonych instytucji formalnych oraz czy zmiany w instytucjach nieformalnych miały kierunek odpowiedni, by uzupełniały i wzmacniały działanie instytucji formalnych. Analizę porównawczą nieformalnych składników systemu instytucjonalnego oparto o badania systemów wartości (głównie prace R. Inglehardta i C. Welzela) oraz studia World Values Survey. Na podstawie badań można wyciągnąć następujące wnioski: a) wprowadzane w procesie transformacji systemowej zmiany instytucji formalnych nie były zgodne z nieformalnymi składnikami układu instytucjonalnego, b) w latach 1990-2009 w Polsce nastąpiła ewolucja instytucji nieformalnych, której przejawem była zmiana systemów wartości w kierunku zbieżnym ze zmianami obserwowanymi w krajach wysokorozwiniętych, c) najsilniejsze zmiany dotyczyły wzrostu wartości ekspresyjnych, a osłabienia zachowawczych, oraz d) nastąpił niewielki wzrost wskaźników wartości racjonalnych. Poziom racjonalizmu jest w Polsce niższy niż w innych krajach transformujących się, np. Czechach, Słowacji, Węgrzech. Jednocześnie mocno utrzymują się wartości tradycyjne, co należy uznać za jeden z przejawów niedopasowania nieformalnych do formalnych składników systemu instytucjonalnego (i tym samym nierównowagi instytucjonalnej).
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