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Nowy Wiśnicz, barokowa fara pw. Wniebowzięcia NMP i św. Jana Chrzciciela. Zarys problematyki

100%

Szlezynger P. S.

Ochrona Zabytków

2015

issue 2

93-113

In 1616 Stanisław Lubomirski founded the town Wiśnicz as a private town, a centre of vast latifundium in Cracow region. In 1620 he provided the funds to build a new stone-wall parish church which was consecrated in 1647. In the great fire of the town in 1863 the wooden buildings of the market square and the town hall were burnt down. The church, its belfry, rafter framing and parish archives also suffered from the fire. The presbytery of the church is semicircular, with adjacent vestibule, vestry and a small treasury. The nave is wider than the presbytery, rectangular and elongated of mannerist proportions with later addition on the east. Outside the nave there are buttresses in the form of giant volutes. Two-storey western elevation of the church is divided in its lower part into three fields of different widths by pilasters. In the middle field there is a portal with the coat-of-arms of Szreniawa in the pediment broken along the axis. The Palladian openings and conch niches are placed regularly. The upper storey, narrower, finished with a flattened arc is framed by a small volutes. Low pinnacles finish the part of the façade. The baroque forms in the façade are placed in a mannerist manner. The façade is divided by a huge mould separating the colossal pilasters from the gable divided in a different rhythm. The pilasters of the upper storey and towers are off the axes of the lower storey pilasters. The flat and linear architecture is supported by huge, almost bulging base. The barrel vault is emphasized by conspicuous entablature, and the interior is homogeneous in character. The elegant composition with few sculptural elements reminds one of the Carmelite church interior. In the façade the elegant forms are combined with sculpturally exaggerated ornamentations and the outline of framing is mannerist. Andrea Spezza, of Italian origin, probably architect of parish church in Wiśnicz, executed the baroque architecture in a very individual way but with strong mannerist impressions. The eastern frontage together with the parish church are a basic elements of the architectural complex of the former Carmelite monastery and castle, which dominate in the Wiśnicz skyline. Therefore its arrangement must be regulated, and the view of the parish church façade exposed. Translated by P.S. Szlezynger

Burial Crypts and Vaults in Britain and Ireland: a Biographical Approach

100%

Mytum H.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica

2020

issue 35

19-43

Szereg pośredniowiecznych struktur pogrzebowych z terenu Wielkiej Brytanii i Irlandii zdefiniowanych przez Juliana Littena w 1985 r. zostaje poddanych rewizji w świetle późniejszych odkryć. Obecnie można określić stopień różnorodności w ramach każdej z grup: grobów szybowych, niewielkich krypt rodzinnych, dużych krypt rodzinnych oraz krypt wspólnych. Wykorzystując po raz pierwszy podejście oparte na biografii przedmiotów w odniesieniu do danych grobowych, rozważana jest zmieniająca się funkcja trumien przez cały ich okres użytkowy, wraz ze zmieniającym się stopniem widoczności między okresami od powstania do ostatecznego zdeponowania w ziemi. Biografia krypt analizowana jest w oparciu o wybrane struktury grobowe, co pozwala odkryć wzorce użytkowania w czasie. Kwestie gospodarowania przestrzenią, co w niektórych przypadkach obejmuje znaczne przeludnienie i konieczność przenoszenia trumien, zdają się być problemem dotykającym wyłącznie krypty wspólne. Szyby i krypty zasadniczo przeznaczone były dla kilku pokoleń, z wyjątkiem kilku elitarnych rodzin, w przypadku których ta sama przestrzeń mogła być wykorzystywana przez kilka wieków.

The range of post-medieval burial structures found in Britain and Ireland defined by Julian Litten in 1985 are reviewed in the light of more recent discoveries. The degree of variability within each of these – lined burial shafts, small family vaults, large family vaults, and communal crypts – can now be evaluated. Using the biography of objects approach for the first time on mortuary data, the changing agency of coffins over their use-lives is considered, with varying degree of visibility during the stages between construction and final deposition. The biography of vaults is indicated through a selection of burial structures, revealing patterns of use over time. Issues of space management, in some cases with considerable overcrowding and movement of coffins, is seen to be problem only with communal crypts. Shafts and vaults were predominantly for few generations, apart from some elite family where the same space could be used over several centuries.

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1 Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica

1 Ochrona Zabytków

1 Mytum H.

1 Szlezynger P. S.

1 2020

1 2015

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Nowy Wiśnicz, barokowa fara pw. Wniebowzięcia NMP i św. Jana Chrzciciela. Zarys problematyki

Burial Crypts and Vaults in Britain and Ireland: a Biographical Approach