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Ways of renaming of modern Ukrainian villages. Restoring the former names

100%
Kravchenko L., Petriv K.
Acta onomastica
|
2023
|
vol. 64
|
issue 1
75-87
EN
The active nominating processes have started in the linguistic landscape of Ukraine quite recently. These processes have been caused by the political and economic transformation of the society: most importantly by the need to rename a number of cities, villages and streets in accordance with the law of decommunization, which came into force in 2015. This research is focused on 889 names of Ukrainian villages and urban settlements that emerged as a result of the decommunization process in 2016. The analysis of these oikonyms revealed two main directions of motivational processes. The first of them was restoring the former (old) names to villages (these names, 280 oikonyms, 31.5%, make up a third of the whole research material), for instance: village Жабки / Zhabky, village Кам’янецькі Хутори / Kamjanetski Khutory. The second way how to rename a settlement was to create new names (there are 609 items of this kind in the represented material, i.e. 68.5% of all renamings), for instance: village Бережани / Berezhany, village Чумацький Шлях / Chumatskyi Shliakh. When restoring the historical names, inhabitants, as a rule, used the names from the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century or names that emerged at the moment of foundation of the settlement (village Бузькі Пороги / Buzki Porohy, village Василів Хутір / Vasyliv Khutir). Among 280 restored historical names about 70 belong to the cultural heritage of original nation and national communities of Ukraine, which is about 8% of all renamings (village Карабулат / Karabulat, village Торосове / Torosove).
CS
V posledních letech v ukrajinské jazykové krajině probíhají aktivní pojmenovací procesy. Je to vyvoláno politickou a ekonomickou transformací společnosti: především nutností přejmenování řady měst, obcí a ulic v souladu se zákonem o dekomunizaci, jenž nabyl platnosti v r. 2015. Tento příspěvek je věnován 889 přejmenováním ukrajinských obcí v důsledku procesu dekomunizace během roku 2016. Analýzou změněných oikonym byly zjištěny dva základní směry procesů motivace. První z nich představuje navrácení původních názvů obcím, zde bylo nalezeno 280 jednotek, což tvoří 31,5 % všech přejmenování neboli jejich třetinu (např. с. Жабки, с. Кам’янецькі Хутори). Druhý proces je spojen s tvorbou nových názvů, ve shromážděném materiálu jsou tato onyma zastoupena 609 jednotkami, jež představují 68,5 % všech přejmenování (např. с. Бережани, с. Чумацький Шлях). Při návratu historických názvů se zpravidla vycházelo z názvů z konce 19. a začátku 20. století nebo názvů, které vznikly v okamžiku založení obce (Бузькі Пороги, Василів Хутір). Mezi 280 navrácenými historickými názvy patří skoro 70 pojmenování (čtvrtina případů) do kulturního dědictví původních národů a národnostních menšin Ukrajiny, jedná se o 8 % celkového množství přejmenování (např. с. Карабулат, с. Торосове).
2
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Nebyla šťastná, nebo byla nešťastná?

100%
Hrdlička M.
Bohemistyka
|
2022
|
issue 3
476-477
EN
The article addresses various types of negatives in contemporary Czech. Speakers have many options to express semantic nuances. Advanced foreign students of Czech shall learn which variant prevails in different communication situations and what is its communication effect.
CS
Článek pojednává o různých druzích záporu v současné češtině. Mluvčí má k dispozici různé možnosti, pomocí kterých je možné vyjadřovat významové nuance. Pokročilejší zahraniční bohemista by si měl osvojit, která varianta v určité komunikační situaci převažuje a jaký je její komunikační účinek.
3
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Názvy sborů Církve československé husitské

100%
Praisler J.
Acta onomastica
|
2021
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vol. 62
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issue 1
99-113
EN
The paper deals with the names of congregations (churches) of the Czechoslovak Hussite Church (CHC). This topic has not yet been covered onomastically, so this article is the first contribution to the description of the onymy of the CHC congregations. In classification according to the motivation of naming, it is possible to distinguish objects named after Jan Hus and according to other personalities. Names taken from other churches are marginal and so are names based on the general Christian tradition. Church service objects in the appellative component of the denomination typically have the word sbor (congregation). Other words in the appellative component are modlitebna (prayer room), kaple (chapel), or kostel (church). We can divide the basic types of name structures: the most common is Someone’s Something (for example, Husův sbor /Hus’s Congregation/) and Something Someone’s (e.g., sbor Tůmy Přeloučského /the congregation of Tůma Přeloučský/), other types are marginal. The most common name is Husův sbor (the Hus’s Congregation); this designation is appellativized.
4
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Антропоніми в писемному мовленні молодших школярів-білінгвів

71%
Braha I. I.
Acta onomastica
|
2024
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vol. 65
|
issue 1
27-59
EN
The present study seeks to investigate the use of anthroponyms in bilingual primary schoolers’ written speech and analyze the effect that the Ukrainian-Russian bilingualism produces on the process of mastering proper names and their specific case forms. The study materials include 1,505 letters to St. Nicholas written by pupils of 2–4 forms from schools in Sumy. The pupils’ language socialisation involves continued exposure to the mass Ukrainian-Russian bilingualism, with Surzhyk (mixed Ukrainian-Russian speech) commonly used for family communication. The nucleus of the anthroponymic field is determined by the children’s age characteristics and the text genre – it includes proper names of the children who wrote the texts. The peripheral position is occupied by the names of children from the authors’ immediate surroundings, as well as by those of their parents and teachers. Based on the analysis of text localisation of the anthroponyms under study, the use of proper names depends on the compositional element of the text and rules of etiquette. The pupils display a tendency to combine both full and short variants of proper names. As a result of bilingualism, the pupils frequently use hybrid anthroponyms – with interference detected in both formal and informal proper names. Another tendency is inconsistent use of the vocative case: in the vocative position, it is often substituted by the substandard form of the nominative case. Further research may lie in comparing the use of anthroponyms in bilingual children’s oral and written speech.
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