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Polscy mieszkańcy powiatu wschowskiego w walce z germanizacją na początku XX wieku

100%
Ratajewska B.
Adhibenda
|
2018
|
issue 5
133-175
EN
The article presents the Poles in the district of Wschowa at the beginning of the 20th century. The district of Wschowa, after the administrative reform of 1887, covered around 477 km2. It comprised the present-day communes: Wijewo, Włoszakowice, Wschowa and Szlichtyngowa; and some parts of the following present-day communes: Sława (Śmieszkowo) and Święciechowa (Długie Nowe, Gołanice, Krzycko Małe, Niechłód). The district of Wschowa existed in this form until 1920, when it was finally decided to join its small part to the reborn Polish state. The capital of the district – Wschowa – had the greatest number of inhabitants. 7538 lived in the town, 6662 of them declared German to be their native language, merely 713 pointed to the Polish language. Moreover, 155 people declared the German language and another one, and 8 inhabitants mentioned only another language. Thus, the German population was definitely predominant in Wschowa. The authorities of Prussia looked with great distrust at any organizations formed by the Poles in Greater Poland and implemented the policy of Germanization in the land seized from Poland as a result of the partitions. Consequently, the Poles faced difficulties in putting their associations and organizations into legal operation. The Catholic Church was the one playing an important role in maintaining Polish identity. The priests in parishes conducted not only pastoral but also social work, organizing Polish associations and organizations – not only religious ones but also economic and cultural ones. These were the places where the Polish language and tradition were nurtured. One of the most important weapons in the struggle to preserve the national identity of the Poles during the period of their captivity was speaking their native language, which helped to strengthen the national community. The authority of Prussia, especially under Bismarck’s rule, systematically eliminated Polish from school.
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