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EN
A review study based on the content of the works of J. Velek, Kapitoly z teorie spravedlivé války (Chapters in the Theory of Just War) and B. Sutor, Od spravedlivé války ke spravedlivému míru? Etapy a šance procesu dějinného poučení (From Just War to Just Peace? Stages and Opportunities in the Process of Historical Teaching). The article focuses on the growing moral contradictoriness of wars in the global age which demands one deal with the classical politico-philosophical problem in the contemporary setting as well. A contradiction is pointed out which calls for the emergence of a social theory of new wars and of a new understanding of safety as well as of loose, metaphorical to the point of suggestive, employments of the concept of war. Further discussions on this theme are also linked with the changes in the forms of war, their agents as well as their causes and consequences, especially their worsening impact on social life and development. In the conditions of an emerging multi-polar order of international relations, the question of awareness of non-Western viewpoints in this area also comes to the fore. The critical spirit of both works under review contributes to the discussion of changes in the justice of war at the beginning of the twenty-first century in the context of the creation and functioning of global society.
EN
The issues of war and peace occupied a leading place in Comenius’ interests. Comenius was one of the main representatives of Irenicism in the early modern period, the aim of his all-remedial work being the elimination of wars and the reconciliation of all mankind. However, his ideas about peace and war are to a considerable extent controversial in nature. Wars, for this visionary, are part of the world that “is,” while the establishment of universal peace and reconciliation is a program for a world that only “should be.” Comenius approaches the problem as a theologian and philosopher, and his reflections on war and peace have a deep theological and philosophical foundation. The study presented here analyzes the theological basis of Comenius’ views on war and peace (original sin, fall and corruption; chiliasm) in close union with axiology (human affairs, service to Mammon) and ontology (emphasis on the whole and unity, order).
CS
Otázky války a míru zaujaly přední místo v Komenského zájmech. Komenský byl jedním z hlavních představitelů irénismu raného novověku, cílem jeho všenápravného díla bylo odstranění válek a usmíření celého lidstva. Jeho myšlenky o míru a válce však mají do značné míry kontroverzní povahu. Války jsou pro tohoto vizionáře součástí světa, který „jest“, zatímco nastolení všeobecného míru a usmíření – to je program pro svět, který teprve „býti má“. Komenský k danému problému přistupuje jako teolog a filosof, úvahy o válce a míru u něho mají hluboký teologický a filosofický fundament. Předložená studie analyzuje teologická východiska Komenského názorů na válku a mír (prvotní hřích, pád a zkaženost; chiliasmus), a to v těsném sepětí s axiologií (věci lidské, služba mamonu) a ontologií (důraz na celek a jednotu, řád).
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