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The Victors of a War that Was Not Theirs: First-World-War-Veterans in the Second Republic of Poland and Their European Peers

100%
Jarząbek M.
Acta Poloniae Historica
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2015
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vol. 111
EN
This article’s aim is an analysis of the status of Polish veterans of the Great War in interwar period. Their position is discussed in a European context. The author underlines dichotomy between ex-servicemen from former Austro-Hungarian, German or Russian armies (constituting vast majority of the veterans in the Second Republic of Poland) and the ‘independence fighters’ (i.e. soldiers from the voluntary Polish formations like Legiony Polskie) in terms of their legal status and symbolic position. State privileged the group of former Piłsudski’s Legionnaires and other ‘independence fighters’. At the same time the majority of ‘ordinary’ veterans was offered little more than ‘compassion’. Unlike in Germany or France, First World War veterans did not form any important mass movement. The dominant position of the relatively small group of ‘Polish soldiers’ over masses of ‘soldiers-Poles’, similar to the position of former Czechoslovak legionaries, can be therefore treated as specific to the new states of East Central and Southeast Europe.
2
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Związek Bojowników o Wolność i Demokrację na Warmii i Mazurach w latach 1947-1975. Zarys dziejów

72%
Korejwo M.
Komunizm: system – ludzie - dokumentacja
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2015
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issue 4
171-209
EN
Society of Fighters for Freedom and Democracy was formed in 1949 as a merger of almost all previously existing veterans’ associations. At the regional level, the most important element of the Association was the regional board and the superordinate bodies were poviate boards and clubs. Within the Regional Board there were merit-based commissions (e.g. verification, propaganda, health, medals, social), and after 1956 - also the so-called social group commissions (e.g. political prisoners, participants of revolution fights, fighters for the independence of Warmia and Mazury). In the years 1949-1956, the Association was in fact only a tool of political indoctrination and was strictly governed by political authorities that aimed at liquidating the Association. After 1956, the Association became totally independent and the veterans were given a limited possibility of postulating, mainly in social matters. The condition for being a member of the Association was loyalty towards the communist state.
3
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„Память Дама Забывчивая” Wielka Wojna Ojczyźniana: od mitologizacji do niepamięci

71%
Pazio-Wlazłowska D.
Porównania
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2012
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vol. 11
61-69
EN
By discussing the history of the center for the Great Patriotic War veterans opened on the Island of Valaam (the Republic of Karelia, Russia) in the early 1950s, the article searches for the roots and reasons for the “social oblivion“ that affected the war wounded veterans, many of them amputees. The author tries to point to the mechanisms that account for the discrepancies between the official myth of the brave and simple soldier, respected and admired by the younger generations, and the grim fate of the crippled war veterans doomed to oblivion. She emphasizes that when it comes to the Great Patriotic War, social oblivion has often “competed” with social remembrance. She also shows what kind of filters have been applied to the Russian collective memory, and how the elements not fitting the official gala image of war veterans have been excluded as they could potentially undermine the shared group identity.
PL
Tekst odwołując się do historii utworzonego na początku lat 50. na  Wałaamie (Karelia) ośrodka dla weteranów Wielkiej Wojny Ojczyźnianej poszukuje przyczyn społecznej niepamięci o inwalidach szczególnie dotkliwie okaleczonych w walkach. Stara się wskazać mechanizmy rozdźwięku między powszechnie obowiązującym - obecnym w oficjalnym dyskursie - mitem odważnego, prostego żołnierza, otoczonego szacunkiem i wdzięcznością kolejnych pokoleń i zapomnieniem o inwalidach. Akcentuje swoiste konkurowanie ze sobą społecznego zapominania i społecznej pamięci Wielkiej Wojny Ojczyźnianej. Wskazuje na filtrowanie pamięci zbiorowej, usuwanie z niej elementów zakłócających odświętny wizerunek weterana i przez to naruszających utrwaloną tożsamość grupy.
4
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Penicylina i protezy. Pomoc UNRRA w odbudowie polskiego przemysłu medycznego po drugiej wojnie światowej

58%
Łotysz S.
Kultura Współczesna. Teoria. Interpretacje. Praktyka
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2018
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vol. 102
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issue 3
118-130
EN
When World War II came to an end, the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) offered substantial aid to many countries, including Poland. It provided food, medicine and clothing to millions of war victims, and also provided ‘help to self-help’ the nations as a whole, by assisting local government entities in reconstructing industry, agriculture, and transportation infrastructure in the war-torn countries. For example, a penicillin factory and a prosthetic production facility were built in Poland as part of the UNRRA program. This paper draws a comparison between disabled veterans and the early postwar states. The latter, also significantly affected by the war, had to be similarly aided and rehabilitated in order to regain their ability to perform their everyday duties. The article sheds light on how the artificial limb plant program was negotiated to meet the needs of Poland and its war veterans. .
5
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Obchody świąt państwowych i rocznic narodowych w działalności Stowarzyszenia Polskich Kombatantów w Stanach Zjednoczonych

58%
Kardela P.
Dzieje Najnowsze
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2019
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vol. 51
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issue 2
EN
Artykuł dotyczy działalności Stowarzyszenia Polskich Kombatantów w Stanach Zjednoczonych, którzy będąc antykomunistami, manifestowali swoje przywiązanie do idei niepodległości Polski poprzez organizację uroczystych obchodów świąt państwowych i rocznic narodowych. Ta forma aktywności pozwalała im wyrażać swój sprzeciw wobec systemu politycznemu w PRL. Odtworzenie obrazu tejże aktywności członków SPK możliwe było przede wszystkim dzięki relacjom kombatanckim drukowanym w kwartalniku organizacyjnym SPK „Kombatant w Ameryce” i prasie polonijnej w Ameryce. The article presents the activities of the Association of Polish Veterans of World War II (Stowarzyszenie Polskich Kombatantów – SPK) in the United States, who, being anti-communists, manifested their attachment to the idea of Poland’s independence by organising solemn celebrations of national holidays and historic anniversaries. This form of activity allowed them to express their opposition to the political system in the Polish People’s Republic. Reconstructing a picture of this activity of the SPK members was made possible primarily thanks to veterans’ reports printed in the SPK organisational quarterly Kombatant w Ameryce and the Polish-American press in America.
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