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Prawno-instytucjonalne otoczenie inwestycji w nieruchomości zabytkowe w Polsce

100%

Foryś I., Machała S.

Świat Nieruchomości

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2017

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issue 3(101)

13-20

PL

W artykule przeanalizowane zostały inwestycje w nieruchomości zabytkowe znajdujące się na terenie Polski. Badanie dotyczyło prawno-instytucjonalnego otoczenia inwestycji w zabytki i ich wpływu na zachowanie świadectwa historii i kultury. Analizy wybranych przypadków zostały poprzedzone analizą dokumentacji technicznej i historycznej, badaniami udostępnionej dokumentacji projektu oraz dofinansowania z programów krajowych i dotacji Unii Europejskiej.

EN

The article analyses legal and institutional investment environment related to historic real estate located in Poland. The study concerns the effectiveness of investment in historic real estate and its impact on the preservation of history and culture. The analyses of selected cases were preceded by research on technical and historical documentation, project documentation and grants from national programmes, as well as grants from the European Union.

2

KONSERWACJA RUIN HISTORYCZNYCH UWAGI O METODZIE

100%

Tajchman J.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2005

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issue 4

27-46

EN

The conservation of historical ruins is one of the most difficult domains of the protection of monuments of architecture. Unique methods were conceived relatively early on in England. The presented article is an attempt at a methodic description of the course of work intent on making ruins open to society, after the introduction of suitable protection as well as those ventures which would prolong their existence. Work is based on a complete examination of the ruins and their assessment, together with the directives of the Venice Charter (article15 ) : “Ruins must be maintained and measures necessary for the permanent conservation and protection of architectural features and of objects discovered must be taken. Furthermore, every means must be taken to facilitate the understanding of the monument and to reveal it without ever distorting its meaning. All reconstruction work should however be ruled out ‘a priori’. Only anastylosis, that is to say, the reassembling of existing but dismembered parts can be permitted. The material used for integration should always be recognizable and its use should be the least that will ensure the conservation of a monument and the reinstatement of its form”. The first stage of the undertakings should include initial reconnaissance of the ruins; studies, including archaeological and protection, and producing documentation; the assessment of type ruins from their viewpoint of their historical, artistic, emotional and picturesque qualities. The second stage consists of arriving at a general conception of the “reanimation” of the ruins by granting them a new role and planning their total protection. The final stage involves making a detailed programme and its realisation for the sake of the ruins, their background and surrounding. A detailed programme focused on ruins must take into consideration the necessity of limiting socalled consecutive supplements, usually caused by the following factors: - preparing the ruins for sightseeing, which results in outlining protected excursion routes, - construction reinforcement and the conservation of the substance of permanent ruins, with emphasis on the wall face and coping as well as the proper drainage of the whole premise, - the process of rendering the ruins legible (so-called interpretation supplementation) for the sake of a correct comprehension of the original structure and function, - display of the extracted details (lapidaries), - rendering the ruins more attractive, e. g. thanks to son et lumiere spectacles, - limiting the introduction of new functions into the ruins. The final shape of the conserved ruins is determined by the authentic substance, the manner and scope of the addition of necessary supplements as well as the preservation of the picturesque qualities of the monument. Authentic substance. The protection and conservation of ruins should serve the preservation and presentation of their authentic state. In the case of a stratified monument, the decisive role is played by an evaluation analysis. A monument which has preserved its original elements, i.e. the authentic substance, produces emotional experiences associated with history and possesses the merit of a document. This is the reason why the restoration of ruins cannot diminish the authentic substance. Scope of addition. All work involving ruins must take into account the proportions between that which is original and that which has been added. After the completion of suitable work the original elements should remain dominant. This is the reason why, for example, the scope of additional walls should remain limited to a minimum and can stem from technical reasons and the interpretation conception. Manner of addition. The added elements should be, on the one hand, legible, and, on the other hand, be integrated with the historical ruins according to the recommendations of the Venice Charter. The preservation of picturesque qualities. As a rule ruins are the most picturesque prior to conservation. Necessary work, even conducted with greatest possible piety, sometimes results in a certain “rigidity” of the preserved substance, which in time becomes alleviated by the impact of atmospheric factors. For this reason, while remaining well aware of the threats posed to the picturesque qualities of the ruins, we should aim at limiting all activity which produces such effects.

3

KOMPROMIS I METODA – WYBRANE ASPEKTY TEORII KONSERWATORSKICH ALOISA RIEGLA I CESARE BRANDIEGO

51%

Krawczyk J.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2009

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issue 2

64-74

EN

The expropriation of historical immovables for the sake of the State Treasury is a special legal instrument used in the name of collective interest and concern for the national heritage. The expropriation of immovables consists of the deprivation or limitation of ownership rights, the right of perpetual usage or other rights concerning immovables. Intervention into the right of ownership of historical immovables, which involves expropriation, should be realised in accordance with the binding law. The legal foundations for expropriation can be found in three types of regulations: the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, statutes and international public and European law. Decisions pertaining to a temporary seizure of historical immovables and expropriation have been divided between two organs of public administration: the voivodeship conservator of historical monuments and the starosta, with the former acting as the advisory and motionfiling organ, while the starosta conducts the expropriation procedure and makes decisions about the expropriation of the immovables. The expropriation of historical immovables conceived as legal institution, which is to guarantee the preservation of historical monuments by the state, is both correct and regular. Its application, however, calls for the observation of administrative procedures, which considerably increase the time of the procedure. As a consequence, it causes a considerable delay of conservation undertakings aimed at saving the original historical substance. In view of the fact that expropriation usually relates to the most damaged and neglected monuments, chances for the preservation of even the smallest fragment of the original are often slight, and the institution of expropriation, whose purpose is to salvage historical monuments, could contribute to a rapidly progressing and irreversible reduction of the original historical substance. The conservation milieu, mindful of scientific accomplishments and the postulates of the charter for the protection of historical monuments, strives at a preservation of the original historical substance as little altered as possible. It seems more correct, therefore, to opt for a less radical path – to persuade the owner to agree to conservation or sale. Expropriation, envisaged as a form of legal coercion, should be applied in exceptional cases, when the repertoire of other possibilities has been exhausted. On the other hand, it should not be avoided, keeping in mind the fact that historical monuments are supposed to survive not only for the sake of our generation, and that their protection, perceived as a public goal, justifies expropriation.

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Długi cień Karty Florenckiej – ewolucja standardów konserwacji zabytków w Niemczech

43%

Troll H.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2016

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issue 1

73-92

PL

Artykuł prezentuje proces kształtowania się opieki nad zabytkami sztuki ogrodowej w Niemczech, ilustrując przykładami zmiany wyznaczające jego poszczególne etapy. Autor wskazuje na powiązania z zaleceniami Karty Florenckiej – międzynarodowego dokumentu, na mocy którego w 1981 roku historyczne ogrody zostały uznane za zabytki – o widocznym do dziś oddziaływaniu. Wyraźne ukierunkowanie Karty Florenckiej na działanie i jej otwarcie wobec idei częściowego odtwarzania obiektów doprowadziło w Niemczech do realizacji wielu kontrowersyjnych projektów restauracji i rekonstrukcji. Z czasem coraz większą uwagę zaczęto zwracać na zachowywanie oryginalnej substancji i kwestię autentyczności roślinności, stanowiącej nie tylko materiał, ale posiadającej wartość dokumentu. W sytuacjach, gdy źródła nie dają jednoznacznych odpowiedzi, a substancja zabytkowa jest zachowana w niewielkim stopniu, następuje coraz większe przyzwolenie na realizację nowych współczesnych projektów, pomimo iż wciąż wzbudzają one kontrowersje.

DE

Der Artikel beschreibt die Entwicklung der Gartendenkmalpflege in Deutschland und die Stationen ihres Wandels anhand von Beispielen. Dabei werden immer wieder Bezüge zur Charta von Florenz hergestellt, die 1981 der Denkmalgattung Garten international Anerkennung verschaffte und deren Regelwerk bis heute nachwirkt. Die deutliche Handlungsorientierung der Charta von Florenz und ihre Öffnung zu Teilwiederherstellungen führte in Deutschland zu einer Vielzahl auch zunehmend umstrittener Restaurierungs- und Rekonstruktionsprojekte. Inzwischen gilt dem Erhalt der Originalsubstanz und der Frage des authentischen Pflanzenmaterials wieder größere Aufmerksamkeit, auch im Hinblick auf deren Wert als Dokument. Zeitgenössische Neuplanungen als probates Mittel bei unsicherer Quellenlage und kaum erhaltener Substanz werden zunehmend akzeptiert, gleichwohl weiter auch kontrovers diskutiert.

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3 Ochrona Zabytków

1 Świat Nieruchomości

1 Foryś I.

1 Krawczyk J.

1 Machała S.

1 Tajchman J.

1 Troll H.

1 2017

1 2016

1 2010

1 2005

Prawno-instytucjonalne otoczenie inwestycji w nieruchomości zabytkowe w Polsce

KONSERWACJA RUIN HISTORYCZNYCH UWAGI O METODZIE

KOMPROMIS I METODA – WYBRANE ASPEKTY TEORII KONSERWATORSKICH ALOISA RIEGLA I CESARE BRANDIEGO

Długi cień Karty Florenckiej – ewolucja standardów konserwacji zabytków w Niemczech