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EN
This paper aims to analyse the forms and functions of the aquatic motif in Saber Assal’s autofictional novel À l’ombre des gouttes. It is a recurring motif that structures the story in various ways: by its regular reappearance (including in the incipit and at the end of the novel), its functionality in the representation of the psychic life of the hero, its symbolic dimension and its emblematic nature for the postcolonial character.
FR
L'article contient uniquement les résumés en anglais.
RU
Том не содержит аннотаций на русском языке.
EN
The paper assesses the current clamor and actual privatization of water in Africa. Though this is said to be done in view of wastage and declining access of people to water, this paper submits that the transformation of the social value of water to economic, is rather a continuation of capitalist quest for profit making, which eventually is at the expense of the poor majority.
The Biblical Annals
|
1974
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vol. 21
|
issue 1
15-24
PL
L’objet de l’étude est la péricope Ez 47, 1-12, analysée par l ’auteur sous ses trois aspects: aspect théologique, son originalité et son influence sur la littérature biblique ultérieure. L’importance théologique de l’oracle réside dans le fait que l’eau prenant sa source au seuil du temple est un signe manifestant la présence de Dieu qui apportera, quand viendront les temps eschatologiques, sa bénédiction à son peuple et assurera la fertilité à tout le pays, principalement au désert et à la Mer Morte dont il fera le jardin divin. L e fait suppose évidemment la rémission des péchés et la purification des humains. Professant cet oracle, le prophéte restait probablement sous l’influence des idées du livre de la Genèse 2, 10-14 et du Psaume 46, 5. Son texte à lui influa par la suite sur d’autres oracles du même caractère, formulllées par les prophètes Joel (4, 18), Deutéro-Zacharie (14, 8) et sur la dernière vision apocalyptique du Nouveau Testament, transmise par le L ivre de Révélation de Saint-Jean (Rév. 22, 1-2). Les idées principales au sujet de la source d’eau vive rappelent, dans ces textes, la description de la création dans le Livre de la Genèse.
DE
Der Band enthält die Abstracts ausschließlich in englischer Sprache.
EN
The narrative work of Paul Willems is filled with the presence of the liquid element. While the elements of the aquatic world are often part of novelistic diegesis, they are not as easily rendered in the theater. The article has for its purpose the examination of the presence of the aquatic element in the plays of the Belgian author. Therefore, the hermeneutic study will focus on various manifestations of water, grouped into four thematic parts ranging from metonymic water, through metaphorical and symbolic water, to anthropomorphic water.
FR
L'article ne contient que des résumés en anglais.
RU
Том не содержит аннотаций на русском языке.
EN
The opinion assesses the situation of citizens’ access to water and sanitation systems and the qual‑ ity of water supplied to them by water supply systems in Poland since the adoption of the resolu‑ tion of the United Nations General Assembly of 28th July 2010 Recognizing the Human Right to Water and Sanitation. The provisions regulating the right of citizens to the common use of water and access to water services (including, inter alia, collection and treatment of wastewater), as well as requirements for the quality of water intended for human consumption, were analysed.
EN
Progress of the climate change and limited water resources in Poland are forcing a change in the approach to rainwater and snowmelt, so that it is treated as an element of sustainable development in urban areas. This generates the need to provide financial resources for the implementation of rainwater and snowmelt management plans. The conducted analysis concludes that the rainwater fee has the characteristics of a tax and should be established in this form. The correct model for im‑ posing rainwater and snowmelt fees on residents is the administrative-legal model. Municipalities currently have no clear statutory basis for its introduction. In the author’s opinion, this situation requires urgent intervention by the legislator.
7
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Tales – woda jako arche

94%
EN
Sayings Thales preserved in the writings of Aristotle, who relies on the tradition. Noteworthy is the fact that Aristotle did not mention any work of Thales, and when he examines his views, based as he says on the tradition. Kirk and Raven extensively analyzing the writings of Thales did not come to no decision, saying that existed in the ancient belief that all of the seven sages laid the rather maxims, which makes it very difficult test. It's likely that there were some advice Thales for sailors in written form, but it is unclear whether he wrote them himself or someone else. It is also difficult to decide what meaning would the existence of a guide for sailors by the Thales for its cosmological views, it is difficult to suppose that someone taught his metaphysical views in a work of this kind. Seneca, Plutarch, Diogenes, Cicero essentially repeated the words of Aristotle does not provide anything new.
8
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Symbolika wody w Koranie

94%
Afryka
|
2021
|
issue 51/52
89-109
EN
The object of this paper is to analyze the Koranic symbolism of water in the light of the Islamic conception of nature as well as God’s attributes and His attitude towards His creatures. According to the Qur’an, God made from water every living thing. Rain, rivers, seas, streams and springs are signs and manifestations of God’s existence in the universe. Water is also regarded as one of God’s favors on His servants. There are numerous Koranic verses relating water as a vehicle of penalty both in the wordly life and in the hereafter. In the Koranic eschatological descriptions, it also appears as God’s reward for believers in paradise.
EN
The article proposes to look at the idea of the infinity from the perspective of a French philosopher, Gaston Bachelard. His theory concerning the four elements is one of the twentieth century’s most interesting elementary concepts. The aim of this work is to show a manifest link between the notion of the infinity and its realizations (materializations) on the physical plane, that is to say Bachelard’s water and air. Both of these elements represent their own, specific kind of infinity, which is nonetheless very close to a man, because not only conceivable but also present in everyday life. Every single contact with the element is a touch of infinity.
EN
In Romantic literature, water often serves as a symbol of death and of the dissolution of the individual, representing a passage from presence to absence. In order to show this transformation, writers frequently rely on scenes of drowning. However, in these depictions drowning does not always lead to an absence, but rather, it reveals a physical presence: that of the cadavers themselves. Through a detailed analysis of two romantic texts whose treatment of drowning sheds light on the relationship between absence and presence, Lélia (1833) by George Sand and L’Éducation sentimentale (1845) by Gustave Flaubert, this study engages the following questions on thematic and structural levels: Does drowning undeniably bring about an annihilation of the individual? Are the boundaries between absence and presence, disappearing and (re)appearing, decomposition and (re)composition, clearly defined? Or is there another interpretation? One that is specific to textual portrayals of immersion? From an eco-critical perspective, it is clear that water represents an ideal space to portray the tension between life and death. As presented by Sand and Flaubert, drowned bodies inspire images of life rather than death and therefore cause the reader to question these boundaries on an imaginative and symbolic level.
EN
The UNESCO San Francisco Rock Paintings polygon within El Vizcaino Biosphere Reserve in the Baja California Peninsula derives its moisture from the North American monsoon. There, ranchers have depended on the desert since the 18th century. More recently, the desert has depended on the environmental stewardship of the ranchers who have allayed mining exploitation and archaeological looting. Using a Rapid Assessment Procedure (RAP), climate data, and geographical information, sustainability was assessed and foreseeable risks identified, on behalf of the Reserve. The results showed that the costs of stewardship were in terms of water appropriation and livestock herbivory. The socio-ecological system also faced hydrological risks derived from runoff, high evaporation rates and climate change. Additional risks stemmed from the increasing global demand for minerals, including hydrocarbons, found in the Reserve. These external drivers could substantially alter the attitudes of the ranchers or the land tenure. Land abandonment might become possible as children and women seemed to out-migrate from the polygon. Solutions were identified based on the supply and demand for water and should enhance resilience via watershed management and in-ranch water appropriate technologies.
EN
Objectives: This article aims at increasing the knowledge on how cities are changing by processes of post-industrialism. Research Design & Methods: The article reviews the historical process of the use of water in the Rhine–Herne canal and the surrounding city of Gelsenkirchen. Findings: The article shows that the canal has regained significance to people. However, depending on the social status, the canal means something different now. For the urban poor, it is again a place for refreshment and free swimming. For the middle class, it is a popular spot for dining out and acquiring a sense of maritime atmosphere. Implications / Recommendations: Water in post-industrialism requires a socially differentiated understanding. Contribution / Value Added: The article contributes to a critical review on contemporary urban planning policies regarding water. Article classification: theoretical article (conceptual article) JEL classification: O29, Z13
EN
Incorporating aquatic motifs into his novel Pathologies, Zakhar Prilepin ascribes different functions to them. Firstly, in ‘Chechen story’, water takes the form of rain that constitutes an ordinary, thought irritating, atmospheric phenomenon. However, when the young protagonists fight under siege in Chechnya, water acquires a symbolic meaning, becoming a dire portent of death. In the final scenes, set in Chechnya, water changes its connotation and saves the survivor Russian soldier’s lives. Besides, water plays in Prilepin’s novel (Epilogue) the role of catharsis: it is the river’s water where the author is reborn and ‘baptized’ so that soul was purified of the past sins related to upbringing and care for his adoptive son.
EN
The aim of the article is to present the importance of building dams and water reservoirs in the politics of the last Emperor of Ethiopia, Haile Sillasie I. The article concentrates on the propaganda aspect of this activity. The article presents the problem in a broader historical context, also referring to the periods after the fall of the Empire, thus trying to prove the continuity of the importance of the problem of water in Ethiopian politics. The main source used is ‟Ethiopian Observer”, published during Haile Sillasie’s reign, which promoted a positive image of the changes taking place in Ethiopia during this period.
Afryka
|
2021
|
issue 51/52
161-172
EN
The Zambezi River plays an extremely important role in the rituals of the Batonga people who inhabit areas of Zimbabwe and Zambia. The article traces how ceremonies changed after the construction of the Kariba Dam in 1959 when the entire people were displaced from their traditional settlements. This fact put the Batongas on two sides of the great river, which made mutual contacts difficult and led to economic and religious differences. The aim of this article is to show water rituals in the face of a changing reality that leads to their change and, more importantly, to a reduction in their practice.
DE
Das Volume enthält keine Abstracts in deutscher Sprache.
EN
The aim of this paper is to analyse diverse representations of water in Jean-Philippe Toussaint’s cycle of Mary and the textual effects they produce. Water is not only the crucial aspect of the represented world but also the key narrative component, which shapes the plot, creates nostalgic atmosphere and reveals the philosophical dimension of the novel classifiable as romance. Drawing on selected theories of elements, the paper examines the ways in which Toussaint uses the emotions carried by water to create intensity and depth in a novel about love.
FR
Le présent article se propose d’analyser diverses occurrences aquatiques dans le cycle de Marie et les effets romanesques qu’elles produisent. Abondamment évoquée dans ses diverses occurrences, naturelles et artificielles, géographiques, atmosphériques ou bien physiologiques, l’eau irrigue profondément la texture romanesque et la nourrit de façon stimulante sur plusieurs plans. En nous référant à des travaux de réflexion sur quatre éléments (philosophes grecs, Bachelard 1942, Durand 1985, Libis 1993), nous chercherons à démontrer la manière fine et complexe dont Toussaint exploite les émotions de l’eau pour donner de l’intensité et de la profondeur à l’histoire émotionnelle qu’il raconte.
RU
Том не содержит аннотаций на русском языке.
EN
20th century philosopher Gaston Bachelard considers the combination of two elements of nature as a metaphorical “marriage,” with all its symbolic and religious meaning, including fidelity and prohibition of adultery. Water and fire, united in a moment of alchemical inspiration, form an archetypal couple of great creators, which participate in cosmogonic myths. Bachelard imagines any elemental union in the aquatic categories, which results from his theory where water is the main component of each association due to its properties of universal solvent, and the other three elements — fire, air and earth — represent only secondary components. However, some contemporary writers like Michel Butor offer a completely opposite conception, according to which the elements of nature do not respect the binary rule of the “marriage” and form triple or even quadruple unions. These monstrous mixtures described in his novel L’Emploi du temps give, indeed, a destructive effect and tend to doom the world. What would become of the notion of “oneiric fidelity,” postulated by Bachelard, in the sacrilegious universe of Butor’s novel, filled with accursed amalgamates of multiple elements?
EN
The paper describes a proposal to create a natural educational path “Water bodies in the agricultural landscape” in The General Dezydery Chłapowski Landscape Park. The track will consist of 13 small reservoirs which differ in terms of location in the landscape, the size, the degree of eutrophication and presence of littoral vegetation. An information board with a short description of each pond is proposed to be installed. Most of the ponds would be equipped with a description of the midfield reservoirs’ definition, functions, threats and ways of their conservation. Noticeable effect of establishing proposed path would be both promotion of environmental education among pupils and youth and the development of tourism in The General Dezydery Chłapowski Lanscape Park as well.
EN
Th e paper touches on the economic and political issues connected to water shortages in Asia, including droughts, and the economic consequences of the lack of quality water. Access to water is a global economic and political challenge and it’s predicted to continue to be important issue for many countries because in the coming years we will be seeing rising water demand, on par with demographic growth. Water will become an increasingly valuable resource, especially in Asia. Th e data presented in the article based on statistics of water sources, total water withdrawal, access to drinking water, water consumption per capita, access to piped water indicate that Asian countries are prone to potential political confl icts caused by the struggle for water. In summary, since in Asia are no systematic evaluations of the negative eff ects of water-related problems for economies there is a need to create more accurate calculations and contingency plans. For this purpose such measures should be introduced in Asian countries.
DE
Der Band enthält die Abstracts ausschließlich in englischer Sprache.
EN
One of the most common symbols used in literature, water, which is both a source of life and a rich symbol of meaning, is a theme that has transformed into a real instrument of aesthetic research over the last centuries. In this article, we show how the Francophone woman writer, Marie Gevers, uses the symbol of water in Madame Orpha. We also identify some of the functions that this element has in her autobiographical text and we analyze the way in which the reveries on water are reconstituted in order to give a coherent and a meaningful writing.
FR
Le numéro contient uniquement les résumés en anglais.
RU
Том содержит аннотацию только на английском языке.
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