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Archeologie krajiny ovlivněné výstavbou vodních nádrží

100%
Váňa M.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica
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2017
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issue 32
309-324
EN
During the 20th century, 43 large water reservoirs were built on the territory of the present Czech Republic. These reservoirs have caused huge changes in cultural landscapes. Large areas have been flooded, many villages and towns have been deserted and many old communication tracts have been broken. There are many sources for studying these abandoned landscapes, such as pictures, photos, movies, old maps and military aerial photos from the 40s and 50s. We can also examine the archaeological relics of former human activities. This paper describes three examples of archaeological monuments that can be found in the landscapes transformed by water reservoirs. The first one is the ruin of the village of Fláje in the north of Bohemia. This village was founded in the Middle Ages and deserted in the 50s due to the construction of the Fláje water dam. This reservoir destroyed about two-thirds of the village, but also the rest of the settlement was abandoned and destroyed when the drinking water protection zone was established. The field research of this site took place during the reconstruction of the dam when the water level was much lower than usual. That revealed dozens of relicts of demolished houses and other remnants of the deserted village. Another example is the closed railway between the towns Černá Hůrka and Želnava in the Šumava mountains (southern part of Bohemia). This railway has been closed due to the construction of the largest water reservoir in the Czech Republic Lipno. Parts of the railway (in dry areas) were studied. Long sections of the rail bank with several structures (bridges, crossings, stations) were discovered with the use of old maps and aerial pictures. The last example describes two concrete bridges of the main Czech highway between the two largest cities in the Czech Republic – Prague and Brno. The construction of the highway began in the 30s, but it was interrupted between the 40s and 60s. Meanwhile, the Želivka water reservoir has been built and it flooded part of the unfinished highway. The bridges of the highway are now abandoned in the middle of the lake. The Czech landscapes of the large water reservoirs hide many remains of former human activities. Archaeology can provide useful tools for the research of the remains and for a better understanding of the history of those abandoned places.  
CS
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Water level fluctuations in the Turawa Reservoir in relation to the tourist use of the water body

100%
Jankowski A. T., Ruman M., Górniak R.
Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development
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2008
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vol. 13
133-144
EN
The aim of the paper is to assess the fluctuations of water levels in the Turawa Reservoir (50° 43' N, 18° 08' E) in relation to the tourist use of the water body. The reservoir is situated within the macroregion of the Silesian Lowland in the mesoregion of the Opole Plain. In administrative terms, the reservoir is situated in the pole Province within the borough of Turawa. In hydrological terms, in turn, it is situated in the catchment area of the Mała Panew river, which belongs to the basin of the Odra river. The Turawa Reservoir was opened for use in 1938, and in 1948 it was filled with water to its maximum for the first time. At present, the surface area of the reservoir, when it is filled with water to its maximum, is about 20.8 km2, its volume 99.5 mln m3, and its depth exceeds 13 meters. In the period of hydrological years 1976-2000 water levels in this reservoir were characterized by high, unnoticed in natural conditions, amplitudes of changes reaching 6.99 m. Anthropogenically stimulated fluctuations in the water level result in conflicts in terms of tasks and functions that the Turawa Reservoir was designed for. Changes in the level of the water surface in the Turawa Reservoir resulted from the impact of the natural factors (thaw and rainfall related high water levels), as well as anthropogenic ones (the need to improve sailing conditions, water supply for industrial and municipal needs). Decreasing the fluctuations of water levels in the Turawa Reservoir is necessary in order to maintain its tourist-recreational functions and keep the ecological condition of its waters at the appropriate level.
3
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An economic analysis of the reservoirs reclamation methods in the Kłodnica River catchment

75%
DUBEL A.
Economic and Environmental Studies
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2018
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vol. 18
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issue 1
103-113
EN
Reclamation and rehabilitation of water reservoirs is particularly important for their functioning and fulfilment of their economic, social, natural and other functions. The paper presents a case study of the ex-ante economic analysis used to determine the most suitable reservoirs reclamation method from the pre-selected methods (such as: hypolimnion removal and silt dredging) for the three reservoirs in the Kłodnica River catchment situated in Silesia Province. The presented results and their discussion are of practical importance in order to select a particular way of improving the water quality of the reservoirs as well as contribute to the development of methods of assessing the economic efficiency of water reservoir reclamation in Poland.
PL
Rekultywacja zbiorników przypływowych i zaporowych jest szczególnie istotna dla ich funkcjonowania i pełnienia przez nie funkcji ekonomicznych, społecznych, przyrodniczych i innych, do których zostały powołane. Artykuł prezentuje studium przypadku zastosowania analizy efektywności ekonomicznej do oceny ex-ante wybranych metod rekultywacji (usuwanie hypolimnionu i wydobywanie osadów) dla trzech zbiorników przypływowych w zlewni rzeki Kłodnicy w województwie śląskim. Zaprezentowane wyniki i ich dyskusja mają znaczenie praktyczne, służące wyborowi konkretnego sposobu rozwiązania poprawiającego jakość zbiorników, jak również stanowią wkład w rozwój metod oceny efektywności ekonomicznej rekultywacji zbiorników wodnych w Polsce.
4
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Pojęcie „wody” w języku i kulturze Hausa

63%
Will I.
Afryka
|
2021
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issue 51/52
69-87
EN
The paper tries to answer the question of how the conception of “water” is understood by the Hausa people living mainly in Nigeria and Niger. The main aim of the paper is to develop a cultural schema of water based on everyday contact with this liquid in the household and in the natural environment. The analysis is based on the methodology of cultural linguistics (Sharifian 2017) which examines the relationship between language and cultural conceptualizations. The first part of the article is devoted to every-day use of water. The second part deals with ritual cleansing and healing. The third part describes natural and artificial water reservoirs. Particular attention has been paid to terms co-occuring with the Hausa word ruwa meaning ‘water’, i.e. names of vessels, containers, tanks, and reservoirs as well as people and creatures related to water, such as water carriers, masters of water and supernatural beings inhabiting rivers and lakes.
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