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EN
Untrained reform of „perestroika” has profound ideological crisis of the Communist Party of Ukraine in 1985–1991. As a result, there has been complete loss of control over social and political processes. The authority of the Communist Party undermining the newly created „informal” organizations and political parties whose activities led to a breach of the monopoly of Communist Party, and the formation of a multiparty system. Crisis could not be avoided to unsatisfactory work of the apparatchiks of primary organizations (especially large industrial enterprises).
EN
The paper presents the issue of house constructions from the second half of the 4th millennium BC in western Ukraine and northern Moldova. While numerous reports concerning the dwellings of the Funnel Beaker Culture from the area east of the Bug River has been published, these accounts did not provide enough information to precisely assess their construction details. The first such structure whose features can be described in detail is the house from the site Lysivka in Vynnyky. The construction of the dwelling was lightweight, analogous to residential structures from the eastern group of the Funnel Beaker Culture. Another debatable topic was the characteristics of houses of the Gordinești group of the Tripolye Culture. Archaeological research at the site of Gordinești II-Stînca goală proved that communities of the late stage of this culture lived in lightweight houses that were built using clay. Neither the residential structures from the Vynnyky-Lysivka site, nor those from the site of Gordineşti II-Stînca goală, should be regardedas analogy to the classical “ploshchadkas” of the Tripolye Culture.
PL
The author focuses on the chronology of the Brînzeni (Brynzen) group of the Tripolye culture in the context of the radiocarbon dates obtained from two settlements sites in Moldova - Văratic Holm i Brînzeni XI (IX). Thanks to the conducted analyzes and the results of the latest research, it is possible to place the discussed results in a wider context, including materials in relation to the inner-Trypolye context and contacts with other communities in Central and Eastern Europe.
EN
According to the finds, Polish and Western European coins reached western Ukraine in two stages: in the 10th /11th century and in the first half of the 12th century. Some of these coins (but usually without Polish ones) were transported further east, to the vicinity of Kiev. On the other hand, Western European coins flowed into the territories of Northern Rus’ from the north. This text is based on data contained both in the literature (including recent one) and information not yet published, kindly provided by researchers from Ukraine (A. Kryzhanivskiy) and from the Czech Republic (J. Videman).
PL
Jak świadczą znaleziska, monety polskie i zachodnioeuropejskie docierały na zachodnią Ukrainę w dwóch fazach: w X/XI i w 1. połowie XII w. Część z tych monet (ale na ogół już bez polskich) była transportowana dalej na wschód, aż do okolic Kijowa. Na tereny Rusi północnej natomiast monety zachodnioeuropejskie napływały z północy. Tekst niniejszy opiera się na danych zawartych zarówno w literaturze (także najnowszej), jak i na informacjach jeszcze nie publikowanych, uprzejmie udostępnionych przez badaczy z Ukrainy (A. Kriżanivskij) i z Czech (J. Videman).
EN
The author of the article examines the area with places with names featuring the archaic suffix *-jь located within the borders of present-day Ukraine between the 15th and the 20th century. This general conclusion has been known for a long time because the oikonyms *-jь, *-ja, *-je in Slavic countries, including Ukraine, have been studied since the 19th century. Authors of such studies have explained the origins and structure of the various names, which are not easy to interpret on account of phonetic changes. However, knowledge of this group of oikonyms is insufficient in Ukraine, hence the idea of their detailed study and presentation on maps.
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