Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Results found: 8

first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last

Search results

Search:
in the keywords:  wiktymologia
help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
1
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

FUNDUSZ POMOCY POKRZYWDZONYM ORAZ POMOCY POSTPENITENCJARNEJ PO NAJNOWSZYCH ZMIANACH

100%
Bieńkowska E.
Zeszyty Prawnicze
|
2016
|
vol. 16
|
issue 3
5-26
PL
Crime Victims and the Polish Post-penitentiary Fund Following the Latest Changes Summary This paper presents a critical analysis of the provisions in force relating to the Polish Crime Victims and Post-Penitentiary Fund (Fundusz Pomocy Pokrzywdzonym oraz Pomocy Postpenitencjarnej). Recently there have been important changes in these provisions, particularly on the grounds of the Act of 28 November 2014 on the protection of and assistance to victims of crime and witnesses (Ustawa z dnia 28 listopada 2014 r. o ochronie i pomocy dla pokrzywdzonego i świadka) and the associated executive regulations of 29 September 2015 introduced by the Ministry of Justice. The scope of the Fund’s tasks has been extended to cover legal and psychological assistance to witnesses and their next-ofkin, and the rules for the financing of the Fund’s activities have been modified. Most of these changes concern the provisions relating to victims, who are now in a worse situation than before the Act came into force, which runs counter to the main purpose of Directive 2012/29/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 establishing minimum standards on the rights, support and protection of victims of crime.
2
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

PROJEKT KONWENCJI NARODÓW ZJEDNOCZONYCH O SPRAWIEDLIWOŚCI ORAZ WSPARCIU DLA OFIAR PRZESTĘPSTW I NADUŻYĆ WŁADZY

88%
Bieńkowska E.
Zeszyty Prawnicze
|
2015
|
vol. 15
|
issue 3
5-26
PL
Draft of the UN Convention on Justice and Support forVictims of Crime and Abuse of PowerSummaryThe paper gives an account of the provisions of the draft of the UNConvention on Justice and Support for Victims of Crime and Abuseof Power of 8 February 2010. The aim of the new UN document is tostrengthen the position of victims around the world, by extending thescope of the rights granted them under the UN Declaration on BasicPrinciples of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power of 29November 1985. The description of these rights provides a basis fora discussion of the need of the Convention.
3
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Podatność wiktymizacyjna – przesłanki i formy przeciwdziałania wiktymizacji

75%
Opar A.
Rozprawy Społeczne
|
2016
|
vol. 10
|
issue 2
24-30
PL
Wiktymologia to, zależnie od podejścia teoretycznego, samodzielna dyscyplina naukowa badająca problematykę społecznego mechanizmu stawania się ofiarą, bądź dyscyplina naukowa, nastawiona na badanie mechanizmu wiktymizacji, tj. mechanizmu stawania się ofiarą przestępstw kryminalnych, a także wypracowująca metody zapobiegające wiktymizacji, albo przynajmniej osłabiającej podatność wiktymizacyjną. Ta ostatnia rozumiana jest jako czynnik szczególnie uprawdopodobniający możliwość stania się ofiarą. Wiktymologia nie jest bynajmniej nauką, mającą służyć usprawiedliwianiu przestępców (np. gwałcicieli prowokacyjnym ubiorem kobiet), ale poszerzaniu wiedzy o społecznych mechanizmach przestępczości, rozwijaniu społecznej świadomości tego, jak określone zachowania czy życiowe wybory sprzyjają przestępstwom, jak prowokują przestępców do zachowań przestępczych, innymi słowy, w jaki sposób ofiary przestępców bezwiednie stają się ich ofiarami. Jedną z kategorii wiktymologicznych jest właśnie podatność wiktymizacyjna. Wokół tej kategorii, w kontekście metod przeciwdziałania wiktymizacji, koncentrować się będzie niniejszy artykuł.
EN
Depending on a theoretical approach, victimology is considered to be an independent scientific discipline analysing the problems of social mechanisms that lead to someone becoming a victim, or a scientific discipline focused on the mechanisms of victimization; that is, the process of becoming a victim of criminal offences, and working out the methods of preventing victimisation or, at least, diminishing the susceptibility to this phenomenon. The latter is understood as a factor that especially facilitates becoming a probable victim. Victimology is not by any means a science serving the justification of criminals’ deeds (e.g. rapists accusing women of provocative clothing) but it aims at expanding one’s knowledge of social mechanisms of crime, developing social awareness of the way certain behaviours or life choices favour crimes, provoking criminals into committing crimes. In other words, the article presents how one may become a victim unknowingly. One of the categories of victimology is susceptibility to victimisation. This article is focused on this particular area in the context of the methods preventing victimisation.
4
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Mediacja z udziałem małoletniego - zagadnienia wiktymologiczne

71%
Sitarz O., Bek D.
Archiwum Kryminologii
|
2014
|
issue XXXVI
363-387
EN
A child can participate in mediation in criminal cases where he/she is a party to the proceedings and in juvenile cases. This occurs in the basic situations where he/she is either the perpetrator or the victim of a criminal act. These are obviously very different roles. A child is involved in proceedings for different purposes when he/she has been wronged than when he/she is the wrongdoer. In either case, however, the child requires special protection and treatment on account of his/her physical, psychological, emotional and intellectual immaturity. The Polish legislature recognises this and has introduced special provisions for children, i.e. juvenile and youth offenders and minor victims. Mediation with juveniles has acquired its own regulations. It might not be overly popular, but it is relatively well formulated. There are no such special provisions, however, for minor victims of criminal acts. Nor has this issue been given much consideration in the literature. As if that were not worrying enough, the key statement of the courts (Supreme Court Decision I KZP 9/12 of 20 June 2012) gives additional cause for concern as it shows that the objectives and principles of mediation are not sufficiently understood by the Supreme Court. Determining whether mediation can be conducted with a child who has been wronged by a crime committed by one of his/her parents is the primary goal the authors have set themselves. This does not so much concern the normative layer – where the law does not impose any limitations – as the ability of the child to take part in a mediation meeting and the possibility of assuring him/her adequate protection. These considerations raise several detailed issues whose specifications require a “child”, a “victim” and a “wronged party”. The nature of reconciliation and forgiveness, as distinctive features of mediation agreements, have to be analysed. Whether certain types of criminal cases (and not just those involving children) are suitable for mediation proceedings is another question that has to be answered). Children are often victims of violent crimes. These types of cases are highly contentious in the context of mediation, even when the victims are adults. This issue is evaluated against the main principles of mediation, viz. that it be voluntary and that the two sides be evenly matched. Accepting the admissibility of children participating in mediation raises the following questions as to how this admissibility is to be qualified: the minimum age of the child; representation of the child by a parent, guardian or probation officer; and special mediator training. The problems identified in the study acquire a particularly drastic dimension when the perpetrators of crimes against children happen to be the children’s own parents. Mediation between a child-victim and a perpetrator-parent is so fraught with danger as to make it inadmissible in such cases. The authors’ reservations concerning mediation with minor victims do not
5
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Plagiat jako forma braku poszanowania praw autorskich pracowników nauki. Perspektywa wiktymologiczna

63%
Moczuk E., Kamuda D., Lesniak-Moczuk A.
Forum Polityki Kryminalnej
|
2023
|
issue 2(6)
1-36
EN
Pathology in the academic community is not an isolated phenomenon. The various dysfunctional phenomena that appear in this community, encompassing many kinds of behaviour, have nothing to do with scientific truth or the ethos of the scholar. One such situation is the phenomenon of plagiarism in science, the genesis of which consists of numerous factors, of an institutional, institutional-organisational, group and individual nature. And in spite of the existence of relevant laws that speak of copyright, intellectual property, or misappropriation of authorship or misrepresentation of authorship of all or part of another’s work, there is no legal definition of plagiarism, and the phenomenon has still not been eliminated from contemporary science. This study analyses plagiarism from a victimological perspective, presenting what a victim of plagiarism feels when he or she has knowledge of such an incident. It uses a qualitative analytical method from the sociology of law, namely case analysis.
PL
Patologia w środowisku akademickim nie jest zjawiskiem odosobnionym. Różnorodne zjawiska dysfunkcjonalne, które pojawiają się w tej społeczności, obejmując wiele zachowań, nie mają nic wspólnego z prawdą naukową czy ethosem uczonego. Jedną z takich sytuacji jest zjawisko plagiaryzmu w nauce, na którego genezę składają się liczne czynniki mające charakter instytucjonalny, instytucjonalno-organizacyjny, grupowy i indywidualny. I mimo istnienia odpowiednich przepisów prawa, które mówią o prawie autorskim, własności intelektualnej, czy o przywłaszczaniu sobie autorstwa albo wprowadzaniu w błąd co do autorstwa całości lub części cudzego utworu, brakuje legalnej definicji plagiatu, a zjawisko to nie zostało nadal wyeliminowane ze współczesnej nauki. W niniejszym opracowaniu dokonano analizy plagiaryzmu z perspektywy wiktymologicznej, prezentując, jakie są odczucia ofiary plagiatu w sytuacji, gdy posiądzie ona wiedzę o takim zdarzeniu. Wykorzystano tu analityczną metodę jakościową z zakresu socjologii prawa, jaką jest analiza przypadku.
6
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Wiktymologiczny obraz handlu ludźmi i niewolnictwa na tle prawa międzynarodowego i polskiego prawa karnego

54%
Sitarz O., Sołtysiak-Blachnik A.
Archiwum Kryminologii
|
2006
|
issue XXVIII
367-374
EN
In order to understand the essence of the crime, two issues have to be taken into account: not only do we analyse features of the perpetrator, but also the victim’s behaviour. Both measures have to be recognised in the light of their mutual relations. In such a case, victimology is instrumental for criminology. It answers the fundamental question: who and why becomes a victim of a crime? It is victimology that draws our attention to a post-crime victimisation problem in the psychological, social and legal aspects. These issues are particularly vital in the case of human trafficking. First, the victim of the crime has to be defined. Over the centuries, the word ‘victim’ came to have an additional meaning. Nowadays, the legal definition of a victim in many countries typically includes the following: it is a person who suffered direct or threatened physical, emotional or pecuniary harm as a result of the commission of a crime. In the Polish legal system, a legal definition of a victim is given in the Polish Charter of Victims’ Rights, whereas the Polish penal law speaks of an aggrieved party and defines it in Article 49 of the Criminal Procedure Code. However, one fact draws our attention. The aggrieved or those objectively recognised as aggrieved do not agree with such a qualification. Let us take a closer look at the reasons why they see themselves in a different role. There is no doubt that one of the reasons is the fact that victims are often qualified as persons offending the law, as criminals. Another problem, is the victims’ return to their previous life situation, which had led them to being recruited by a human trafficker. We also need to point out that the relations between human traffickers and their victims are extremely complex. However, the key issue is that there is an agreement for a crime. The decision-making processes have to be analysed. The victims of human trafficking find themselves in a situation where they have a considerable limitation of free decision making. One of the major examples reflecting these problems that always takes place in a compulsory situation in the wide sense of this expression is job undertaking which leads to the abuse of the potential worker’s situation. A very specific example is a job agency. The question that appears is when we should speak of an unlawfully acting job agent, and when we can start calling this human trafficking? Is every illegal job agency dealing with human trafficking? What is the difference between these two? And finally when does a worker become a victim and an aggrieved party? What types of slavery and slaves exist today? bounded labour affects at least 20 milion people around the world. People become bounded labourers by taking or being tricked into taking a loan for as little as the cost of medicines for a sick child. To repay the debt, many are forced to work overtime, seven days a week, up to 365 days a year. They receive basic food and shelter as ‘payment’ for their work, but may never pay off the loan, which can be passed down for another generation; eaily and forced marriage affects women and girls who are married without choice and are forced into lives of servitude often accompanied by physical violence; forced labour affects people who are illegally recruited by individuals, governments or political parties and forced to work usually under threat of violence or other penalties; slavery by descent is where people are either born into a slave class or are from a group that the society views as suited to be used as slave labour; trafficking involves the transport and/or trade of people: ‘woman, children and men’, from one area to another for the purpose of forcing them into slavery conditions; worst forms of child labour affects an estimated 179 million children around the world in work that is harmful to their health and welfare. Children work on the land, in households as domestic workers, in factories making products such as matches, fireworks and glassware, on the streets as beggars, in the outdoor industry, brick kilns, mines, construction sector, in bars, restaurants and tourist establishments, in sexual exploitation, as soldiers. It seems that pursuant to the Employment and Unemployment Countering Act (Ustawa o zatrudnieniu i przeciwdziałaniu bezrobociu) a model contrary to the one in the act can create a criminological model of modern human trafficking. It would be then running a business to gain financial benefits in the way that the businessperson exploits the position of the aggrieved party and provides the future employer with employees. The latter group, however, even if agreeing to move abroad, becomes completely dependant on the employer which is often combined with a deprivation of liberty, because they have no possibility to choose their place of staying or withdraw from the previous agreement. A number of international regulations, e.g. the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children which supplements the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime of 2000, the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography of 2000, the Slavery Convention of 1926 together with a Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery dated l956 show, that the issue under discussion still remains a contemporary problem, and needs regulations aiming at finding relevant solutions. There can be no doubts in the light of the nullum crimen sine lege certa that a precise description of the crime is essential. Only a precise definition of a separate crime of human trafficking will enable to recognise the scope of the problem and will create internationally accepted circumstances to overcome it. Such a definition must include at least: acts: recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of a person; means: threat to use or the use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, fraud, deception, abuse of power or a position of vulnerability; purposes: forced labour or services, slavery slavery-like practices or servitude. Everyone, government and non-governmental organisations, must focus on the crime which must be precisely described including a detailed description of a victim. It is highly urgent and important to harmonise all legislative measures in order to prevent human trafficking, which would guarantee an effective protection of victims and prosecution of criminals.
7
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Zjawisko wiktymizacji wtórnej: pojęcie, przyczyny, przeciwdziałanie (na przykładzie niektórych polskich regulacji karnych)

54%
Bieńkowska E.
Archiwum Kryminologii
|
2008
|
issue XXIX-XXX
65-74
8
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Heuristic analysis in the process of detecting serial offenders, part two -Victimology and Crime Scene Reconstruction through the lenses of Abductive Reasoning

51%
Markiewicz W.
Edukacja Humanistyczna
|
2021
|
issue 2
65-77
EN
In the article, victimology, from the point of view of satisficing is defined. Utilization of the abductive reasoning in analysis of crime scene is explained. Here, the cognitive limits related to criminal profiling are determined. The article is the second in a series of publications describing the use of computer aided heuristic analysis in the process of detecting perpetrators of serial crime (ViCLAS).Using the Konolidge’s and Bylander’s definitions, abductive reasoning is explained. The paper introduces reader to basics of an AI neural network and its potential of use in above mentioned process. Author presents engagement of the abductive reasoning in to process supervised learning.
PL
W artykule zdefiniowano wiktymologię z punktu widzenia satisficing. Wyjaśniono wykorzystanie rozumowania abdukcyjnego w analizie miejsca przestępstwa. Określono tutaj limity poznawcze związane z profilowaniem przestępstw. Artykuł jest drugim w serii publikacji opisujących zastosowanie komputerowej analizy heurystycznej w procesie wykrywania sprawców przestępstw seryjnych (ViCLAS). Korzystając z definicji Konolidge’a i Biglander’a, wyjaśniono rozumowanie abdukcyjne. W artykule, czytelnikowi przedstawione zostają podstawy sieci neuronowej i jej potencjał stosowania w wyżej wymienionym procesie. Autor przedstawia również zastosowanie rozumowania abdukcyjnego w procesie uczenia nadzorowanego.
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.