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CHARACTERISTICS OF DAILY WATER TEMPERATURE FLUCTUATIONS IN LAKE KIERSKIE (WEST POLAND)

100%
Ptak M., Sojka M., Nowak B.
Quaestiones Geographicae
|
2019
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vol. 38
|
issue 3
EN
The paper presents the dynamics of daily water temperature fluctuations in Lake Kierskie (West Poland) and determines the effect of air temperatures and wind speed on the variability of the parameter (water temperature). The analysis was based on hourly water temperature values from the period from May 2012 to January 2018. The data analysis permitted the description of the thermal regime of waters in the lake in the hourly cycle in reference to each month, and designation of months characterised by the highest and lowest stability of water temperatures. More than half of the analysed days was characterised by a change in water temperature not exceeding 1°C. The course of water temperature showed strongly positive correlations with air temperature, and weak correlations with wind speed. Water temperatures in the lake were correlated the strongest with air temperatures with a 24 h time step.
2

Partlirajust ja ilmaparimusest

86%
Sepp M.
Mäetagused
|
2017
|
vol. 67
219-240
EN
The present study analyses St. Bartholomew’s Day storm – a storm that supposedly takes place near St.Bartholomew’s Day (August 24th) every year – a paroemia that has widely spread on the north-eastern coast of Estonia. The two questions analysed here are: firstly, whether such a storm is proved by the meteorological data and, secondly, whether it is reasonable to study weather paroemias. The present research makes use of the data about wind speed, measured in Jõhvi and Väike-Maarja weather stations during the period from 1966 to 2012. A more detailed analysis is dedicated to wind data around the old St.Bartholomew’s Day – the period around September 7th by the Gregorian calendar (August 12th till September 20th). According to wind speed data, it may be said that in north-eastern Estonia the end of August and beginning of September are rather windless. However, the analysis of the wind measurement data does not give a definitive answer to the question whether such a phenomenon as St. Bartholomew’s Day storm actually exists in nature. Against the background of relatively windless days, every windier day may be seen as stormy. The analysis indicates that the number of windy days around St. Bartholomew’s Day has constantly been decreasing over the last decades. This refers to changes in Estonian landscape, but even more so to changes in the climate. In the olden times, August and September were definitely much windier than today. Further research is needed to find out how windy the north-eastern coast of Estonia was around St. Bartholomew’s Day in the period before 1966. What is the benefit of such an analysis of weather paroemias? Proverb researchers have often viewed weather folklore somewhat condescendingly. It is true that weather paroemias do not qualify as the basis of scientific synoptic meteorology, and many paroemias have been borrowed from other cultures. For example, it is known that the St. Bartholomew’s Day storm tradition is Germanic and has reached Estonia via Finland. Weather paroemias, including weather proverbs, do not often follow the classical proverb rules. This is probably the reason why weather paroemias have been thoroughly studied neither in Estonia nor internationally. A study into weather proverbs potentially gives us knowledge about the worldview of our ancestors, culture distribution mechanisms, and also about the weather in the past. For example, it may be speculated that borrowed paroemias that fitted into the local population’s worldview or helped to better explain local weather phenomena entered common usage. If this is true, then it should be possible to find out from archived data when a particular weather paroemia became popular. This, in turn, enables us to use weather paroemias as proxy data for weather sciences. It may be assumed on the basis of old newspapers that the term St. Bartholomew’s Day storm became widely spread in the 1920s through to 1930s, when several well-documented storms indeed had devastating effects on the coast of north-eastern Estonia. However, this assumption has to be taken as a speculation, as several county newspapers, whose interest in the local weather was great, were established within the same period. A more detailed analysis of the St. Bartholomew’s Day storm tradition and other weather paroemias, however, requires a close cooperation between atmospheric scientists and folklorists.
3
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Koncentracja zanieczyszczeń pyłowych powietrza PM2,5 w Krakowie w latach 2010–2014

72%
Jędruszkiewicz J., Piotrowski P., Pietras B.
Acta Geographica Lodziensia
|
2016
|
vol. 104
123-135
PL
Kraków należy do najbardziej zanieczyszczonych miast w Polsce. Szczególnie niebezpieczny dla zdrowia jest pył o frakcji 2,5 μm (PM2,5). Największa jego koncentracja w powietrzu występuje w półroczu chłodnym, szczególnie duża jest w lutym i grudniu. Najwyższe stężenia pyłu PM2,5 odnotowano na obszarze o gęstej zabudowie w centrum Krakowa, a w przebiegu dobowym – w godzinach wieczornych oraz nieco mniejsze w godzinach porannych, podczas szczytu komunikacyjnego. W półroczu chłodnym najwyższe stężenie PM2,5 stwierdzono podczas napływu mas powietrza z kierunku południowo- zachodniego i południowego, natomiast w półroczu ciepłym – z południowo-wschodniego i południowego. Wraz ze wzrostem prędkości wiatru stężenie pyłu PM2,5 wyraźnie się zmniejszało we wszystkich analizowanych punktach pomiarowych.
EN
Krakow is one of the most polluted cities in Poland. The dust fraction of 2.5 μm (PM2.5) has a significant impact on human health. The greatest concentration of PM2.5 was found for the cold half year (especially in February and December) and in the most densely built-up area of the city center. The worst air quality occurs in the evening and morning (peak traffic) hours. In the cold half year the highest concentration of PM2.5 was observed for the south-western and southern air masses advection, while in the warm half year for the south eastern and southern advection. The increase in wind speed is followed by a considerable decrease of the concentration of PM2.5 in all monitoring sites.
4
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Zarys bioklimatu Zamościa

58%
Samborski A.
Facta Simonidis
|
2023
|
vol. 16
|
issue 1
341-356
EN
The paper uses data from meteorological stations operating in Zamość in the period from 1976 to 2020. The variability of the values of selected meteorological elements and climatic characteristics on a time scale was presented using the most commonly used distribution statistics, i.e. average values and variability measures. The direction of the trend of changes in air temperature was determined as well. In order to determine the bioclimatic conditions, the values of selected indicators were calculated, including equivalent temperature, effective temperature, and air cooling quantity. The conducted research indicates that in Zamość optimal thermal conditions described as pleasantly cool occur in the summer ( June, July, August), while in July they are mild. In April, May and September, the thermal sensation is characterized as cool. Generally, it is cold from November to March and very cold in January and February.
PL
W pracy wykorzystano dane ze stacji meteorologicznych funkcjonujących na terenie Zamościa w okresie od 1976 do 2020 roku. Opisano zmienność wartości wybranych elementów meteorologicznych i charakterystyk klimatycznych w skali czasowej, wykorzystując najczęściej stosowane statystyki rozkładu, tzn. wartości średnie oraz miary zmienności. Wyznaczono kierunek trendu zmian temperatury powietrza. W celu określenia warunków bioklimatycznych obliczono wartości wybranych wskaźników, takich jak: temperatura ekwiwalentna, temperatura efektywna i wielkość ochładzająca powietrza. Przeprowadzone badania wskazują, że w Zamościu optymalne warunki termiczne określane jako przyjemnie chłodno występują w okresie letnim (czerwiec, lipiec, sierpień), przy czym w lipcu są one łagodne. W kwietniu, maju i we wrześniu odczucie cieplne charakteryzowane jest jako chłodne. Generalnie w okresie od listopada do marca jest zimno, a w styczniu i w lutym bardzo zimno.
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