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1
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Legal solutions regarding wiretapping (ECPRD Request No. 5334)

100%
Kondej S.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2023
|
issue 1(77)
254-260
EN
The author analyses the provisions which regulate the use of wiretapping in the Polish legal order. He describes the legal solutions concerning the authorization of operational control, the methods of carrying it out and the limits of such control, as well as the legal usability of evidence obtained through wiretapping. The author also discusses the regulations on the methods of storage and subsequent destruction of evidence obtained in this form of operational control.
2
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Collusion between politicians and journalists in the context of wiretapping of journalists

70%
Školkay A.
Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne
|
2016
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issue 2
107-124
EN
This case study reports about the collusion scandal behind the widespread wiretapping operations of various journalists. The report, however, focuses mainly on one part of the affair, namely the clear collusion between a journalist from the daily Pravda, and a top politician – a Member of Parliament, whose conversations were also recorded. MP Robert Kaliňák was apparently trying to persuade the reporter Vanda Vavrová to publish discrediting material about his political rival. The study thus largely examines the media’s role in politics and ethical issues resulting from trespass of the journalistic agency for objective and impartial reporting. Moreover, initial coverage of this affair by the selected media is analysed throughout the study to pinpoint the role of Slovak journalists/media while facing the controversial behaviour of one of their peers. It was found that the media actually underplayed the collusion story and focused their attention mostly on the wiretapping affair, strongly condemning the actions by the state authorities. Ironically, a few years later it was proved that the wiretapping of journalists (in contrast to other persons and institutions) was both legal and justified. Moreover, the media ignored the possible political and criminal corruption issues behind the double scandal.
3
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Strategic monitoring in the judicial decisions of the European Court of Human Rights

70%
Radoniewicz F.
Cybersecurity and Law
|
2021
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vol. 6
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issue 2
193-205
EN
The importance of the problem of surveillance carried out by state authorities, especially in recent years, in connection with the growing threat of terrorism is indisputable. State authorities sometimes take measures, which involve restricting human rights, especially the right to privacy, justifying them by the need to ensure security of both the state and its citizens. The objective of this article is to outline the standpoint of the European Court of Human Rights (under Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights) on the so-called strategic monitoring, i.e. mass interception of data transferred via telecommunications networks and their subsequent analysis with a view to acquiring specific information.
4
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Opinia prawna na temat projektu ustawy o zmianie ustawy o Policji oraz niektórych innych ustaw

70%
Bojańczyk A.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2015
|
issue 3(47)
143-158
EN
The author of the opinion welcomes the initiative to change regulations criticized by the Constitutional Court, but also expresses reservations about the submitted bill. From legal analysis of the bill it follows that the system of operational control proposed therein, appears to be illusory and capable for abuse by the officers, which in turn may lead to gross violations of privacy of the individual. Attention is drawn to the issue of the protection of professional secrets. The task of overseeing the operational activities should be assigned to central judicial authorities on the basis of regulations enabling them effective control over the activities of services, both in cases involving citizens as well as deputies, senators and President of the Republic.
5
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Przymusowe poszukiwanie, wydobycie i odebranie dowodów w procesie karnym a tajemnica dziennikarska

61%
Koper R.
Forum Prawnicze
|
2018
|
issue 6 (50)
3–17
EN
The paper addresses fundamental issues that arise in connection with coercive measures that are applied in criminal proceedings, consisting of search and sei- zure of the evidence. The author takes into consideration the application of search, seizure, control of correspondence and wiretapping in the context of journalistic secrecy. The article verifies the standards of protection of journalistic secrecy, which should not be the subject of unjustified and excessive infringement. The author reviews provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure and the Press Law Act in respect of this problem. The defects of normative regulations have been identified and certain improvements and amendments proposed. The general goal of the paper is to postulate a number of solutions that will result from proper decisions made when the concurrent interests and values clash.
6
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A Case-Specific Instance of Media Capture: the Gorilla Case of Slovakia

51%
Školkay A.
Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne
|
2018
|
issue 4
65-94
EN
This article discusses an instance of case-specific self-inflicted partial media capture, acknowledging the chilling effect of legislation consistent with partial state capture. In general, this case illustrates the ethical and legal dilemmas in the reporting of a specific type of large-scale corruption in the media, which involves the denial of all accusations by most sources and a controversial stand by state authorities and politicians on the issue, forcing the media to primarily report rumors or contradictory claims and denials (after controversial files regarding the corruption were made public anonymously on the internet) or desist from reporting altogether (before the files were made public on the internet, due to possible libel threats). The findings question the normative expectations expressed in democratic theory related to the role of the media as a watchdog, in the specific context of large-scale corruption in post-communist states. Moreover, this paper suggests the need to re-examine the methodological aspects of quantitative content analysis of media coverage of corruption. This paper has also attempted to update the emerging theory on media capture with the term partial case-specific media capture.
7
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Kontrola operacyjna w polskim prawie antyterrorystycznym

51%
Szych G.
Studenckie Zeszyty Naukowe
|
2018
|
vol. 21
|
issue 39
EN
Passing the anti-terrorist law in Poland introduced a number of new legal solutions, including in the scope of carrying out operational tasks by services involved in anti-terrorist activities. One of the powers is the ability to independently manage wiretapping by the Head of the Internal Security Agency in relation to foreigners. This legal regulation is the subject of polemics in the context of discussions referring to the extent of state interference in civil rights to the protection of privacy. The study analyzed the regulation of Article 9 Anti-terrorism Law in relation to the established jurisprudence of the Polish Constitutional Tribunal and the ECHR in the scope of interference of special services through the use of operational techniques in civil liberties and supervision over the application of these methods by independent authority. In addition, the question of possible violation of the prohibition of discrimination by the indicated legal norm was raised.
PL
Uchwalenie w Polsce ustawy antyterrorystycznej wprowadziło szereg nowych rozwiązań prawnych m.in. w zakresie realizacji zadań operacyjno-rozpoznawczych przez służby zaangażowane w działania antyterrorystyczne. Jednym z uprawnień jest możliwość samodzielnego zarządzania kontroli operacyjnej przez Szefa ABW w stosunku do cudzoziemców. Przepis ten stanowi przedmiot polemiki w kontekście dyskusji odnoszących się do zakresu ingerencji państwa w obywatelskie prawa do ochrony prywatności. W opracowaniu przeanalizowano zapisy normatywne art. 9 Prawa antyterrorystycznego w stosunku do ukształtowanego orzecznictwa TK oraz ETPCz w zakresie ingerencji służb specjalnych poprzez stosowanie technik operacyjnych w wolności obywatelskie oraz nadzoru nad stosowaniem tych metod przez niezależne organy. Ponadto poruszono kwestię możliwego naruszenia zakazu dyskryminacji przez wskazaną normę prawną.
8
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The Issue of Surveillance Carried Out by Technical Means Within the Jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights and the Constitutional Tribunal

41%
Radoniewicz F.
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego
|
2021
|
issue 6 (64)
291-301
PL
Waga omawianej w artykule problematyki, tj. inwigilacji prowadzonej przez władze państwowe - w szczególności w związku z rosnącym zagrożeniem terrorystycznym - jest bezdyskusyjna. Władze państwowe, powołując się na konieczność zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa państwa i obywateli, często podejmują działania zmierzające do ograniczenia praw człowieka, w tym - przede wszystkim - prawa do prywatności. Niniejsze opracowanie ma na celu przedstawienie najważniejszych orzeczeń Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka wydanych na podstawie art. 8 Europejskiej Konwencji Praw Człowieka (sankcjonującego prawo do poszanowania życia prywatnego) dotyczących inwigilacji. Artykuł prezentuje również stanowisko w sprawie inwigilacji polskiego Trybunału Konstytucyjnego.
EN
The importance of surveillance carried out by state authorities - especially in connection with the increasing threat of terrorism - is not disputable. State authorities, inciting the need to ensure the security of the state and citizens, often take measures to limit human rights, including, above all, the right to privacy. This paper aims to present the most important judgments delivered by the European Court of Human Rights based on Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights (sanctioning the right to respect for private life) regarding surveillance and the position of the Court in this matter. Of course, the article also presents the position on the surveillance of the Polish Constitutional Tribunal.
9
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Wprowadzenie do postępowania przygotowawczego materiałów z czynności operacyjno-rozpoznawczych zawierających tajemnice zawodowe w świetle przepisów intertemporalnych

41%
Kurowski M.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica
|
2018
|
vol. 83
33-42
EN
Obtaining evidence during criminal proceedings involves a number of activities that should be carried out by a prosecutor so that they are legally permissible. The legislator anticipated special provisions in the field of obtaining evidence outside criminal proceedings. In the course of the operational activities carried out by special bodies (Police) it is possible to control inter alia telephone calls. The introduction of evidence from these recordings is regulated in a special way. In certain situations, the legislator provided additional restrictions on obtaining evidence especially when it is connected with highly protected professional secrets – art. 180 § 2 of the [Polish] penal procedure code. This article outlines the mentioned issues.
PL
Pozyskiwanie dowodów w toku postepowania karnego wiąże się z szeregiem czynności, które winny zostać wykonane tak, aby były one prawnie dopuszczalne. Szczególne unormowania ustawodawca przewidział w zakresie pozyskiwania dowodów poza postępowaniem karnym. W toku czynności operacyjno-rozpoznawczych prowadzonych przez organy szczególne możliwe jest dokonywanie kontroli między innymi rozmów telefonicznych. Wprowadzenie dowodów z tych nagrań uregulowane jest w sposób szczególny. W pewnych sytuacjach ustawodawca przewidział dodatkowe obostrzenia w zakresie uzyskiwania dowodów wówczas, gdy dotyczy to tajemnic zawodowych szczególnie chronionych – art. 180 § 2 k.p.k. Niniejsze opracowanie przedstawia wskazaną problematykę.
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