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Południowokujawskie księgi grodzkie ze zbiorów AGAD jako źródła do dziejów starostw województwa brzesko-kujawskiego w XV wieku

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Szybkowski S.

Miscellanea Historico-Archivistica

2011

vol. 18

issue 18

137-149

Probably there is no need to convince anyone that the late medieval land and municipal registers are the most important sources for social history of the Polish late Middle Ages. In the case of Kujawy we do not have, unfortunately, medieval registers of local tribunals for nobles of Inowrocław Voivodeship [local government and administration unit] as well as for Kruszwica district [starostwo - crown lands administrated by a royal official, i.e. starosta] and Radziejów district from the region of Brześć Kujawski. All of these series of books were destroyed with a high degree of probability during the Swedish „deluge” in the mid–17th century. Medieval registers of local tribunals for nobles for other districts located in the southern Kujawy, i.e. Brześć Kujawski (from 1437), Kowal (1441) and Przedecz (since 1474) were preserved slightly better. It should be stressed that in all these series of books we are dealing with gaps in the preserved material. Discussed in this text the south–Kujawy registers of local tribunals for nobles from the holdings of The Central Archives of Historical Records are the most important sources for research on the history of the late medieval districts of Brześć Kujawski voivodeship. In addition to specific personal information about people who took the office of starost of districts of Brześć, Przedecz and Kowal, along with the dates of their terms as starost, datas obtained from books that are here discussed, show that history of lands governed during that period was much more complicated than it had been described in the existing literature. Especially variable was administrative membership of Kowal district, which was twice excluded from the jurisdiction of the district of Brześć (1438–1442 and 1454?–1462) and double–backed under the control of starost of Brześć by buying up the king’s debts on Kowal. It was not until the early 16th century that Kowal obtained the status of a permanent independent district, managed by a separate starost due to king’s debts to voevoda Mikołaj Kościelecki from Skępe. Registers of local tribunals for nobles of Brześć, Kowal and Przedecz districts along with other sources give information on one more interesting institution in districts located in southern Kujawy area in the late Middle Ages. It is about heirs of deceased starosts, who had right to use the full titulary and took the office of their deceased predecessors (always for a short time) only until the arrival of the successors nominated by the king (Andrzej Kretkowski after his father Jan; Jan of Kobylany after the death of his brother Jakub; Jan Jaranda from Brudzewo after death of his father Mikołaj in Brześć district; Adam with his brother Jan z Woźnik in Przedecz district) or people replacing the newly appointed district starosts, who were heading to Kujawy only to cover obtained from king district (Mikołaj Słup from Wierzbick starost of Brześć replacing Jan Kretkowski until his arrival from Hungary). It should be noted that throughout the so-called Greater Wielkopolska there is no similar institution, the same refers to the lands of Sieradz and Łęczyca, and districts of Wielkopolska.

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1 Miscellanea Historico-Archivistica

1 Szybkowski S.

1 2011

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Południowokujawskie księgi grodzkie ze zbiorów AGAD jako źródła do dziejów starostw województwa brzesko-kujawskiego w XV wieku