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EN
The article describes variuos form of the Polish United Workers' Party organisation. It focuses particularly on elementary units, situated in offices, workplaces, institutions, universities and schools. The party's strucuture in the country is discussed individually. Author also indicates the primary rules of the organization of internal units: their number, principles of hierachy and model of subordination.
EN
With a population of approx. 33,000 people Ukrainian minority in shorten as a result of administrative reform Olsztyn province was a long time the subject of intense operational activities of the local security apparatus. The efforts of the secret political police coordinated within the framework of the so-called. case object, code-named “Beskid” which continued until January 1990. It places special emphasis on the control of the Ukrainian Socio-Cultural Society (basically the only official organization of the Polish Ukrainians), cell Ukrainian student movement, education institutions with the Ukrainian language of instruction, the Greek Catholic pastoral and contacts with the Ukrainian diaspora in the West. The measures taken most often justified the need to “protect” the Ukrainian community against the “nationalist activity”, that efforts to stem the polonization and strengthen their own cultural identity, which was accompanied by criticism of the political system. Despite the long-term, strong emphasis of the special services, the environment Ukrainian Warmia and Mazury was protected his identity and organizational achievements. This was due to many reasons: national policy easing after the lifting of martial law, strengthening the position of the Roman Catholic Church (and therefore functioning in the framework of the Greek-Catholic rite), and finally aware of the activities of the Ukrainian community leaders to improve the position of his countrymen. The political breakthrough began in 1989. With time brought the liquidation of the communist security apparatus and radical change in the position of Ukrainians in Poland.
EN
In individual voivodeships, including Olsztyn, the Department of Studies and Analyses of the Security Service Agency was established within the structures of the Voivodeship Office of Internal Affairs. It functioned at the turn of 1989/1990. Eight preserved documents are published below. These are reports prepared by the Department of Studies and Analyses of the Security Service Agency in Olsztyn for the Ministry of the Interior in Warsaw. Currently, these documents are in the archives of the Olsztyn Regional Office of the Institute of National Remembrance and have not been published or even widely known so far. These reports were created during the period of political changes in Poland and constitute an interesting record of the socio-political situation in Warmia and Mazury at that time.
PL
W poszczególnych województwach, w tym także w Olsztynie w strukturach Wojewódzkiego Urzędu Spraw Wewnętrznych powołano Wydział Studiów i Analiz Służby Bezpieczeństwa, który funkcjonował na przełomie lat 1989/1990. Poniżej opublikowano osiem zachowanych dokumentów, którymi są sprawozdania sporządzone przez Wydział Studiów i Analiz Służby Bezpieczeństwa w Olsztynie dla Ministerstwa Spraw Wewnętrznych w Warszawie. Obecnie dokumenty te znajdują się w zasobie archiwalnym olsztyńskiej Delegatury Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej i dotychczas nie były publikowane, ani nawet szerzej znane. Sprawozdania te powstały w okresie przemian ustrojowych w Polsce i stanowią interesujący zapis ówczesnej sytuacji społeczno-politycznej na Warmii i Mazurach.
EN
This article attempts to trace out the operation of social activists and their responsibility for the development of football in 1945–1989 in the province of Olsztyn. In the early post-war years, soccer teams were created by newly established institutions and companies. This situation led to trade particularism, strong support of football players and the occurrence of behavior problems. At the same time, not much work was accomplished in the training matters. After October 1956, changes in the model of physical culture spurred social activities in the country. Thus the central provision of football development encouraged social activists in the Olsztyn area to create a cozy environment for their operation. With a large number of teams in the province, it quickly became the largest and most demanding group. They claimed financial support, often not being controlled. During those years, there was no clear long-term concept of football development. The provincial sports authorities and the political party were to be blamed for the state of affairs. All this situation contributed to the “sloppiness” of football in the region.
EN
Society of Fighters for Freedom and Democracy was formed in 1949 as a merger of almost all previously existing veterans’ associations. At the regional level, the most important element of the Association was the regional board and the superordinate bodies were poviate boards and clubs. Within the Regional Board there were merit-based commissions (e.g. verification, propaganda, health, medals, social), and after 1956 - also the so-called social group commissions (e.g. political prisoners, participants of revolution fights, fighters for the independence of Warmia and Mazury). In the years 1949-1956, the Association was in fact only a tool of political indoctrination and was strictly governed by political authorities that aimed at liquidating the Association. After 1956, the Association became totally independent and the veterans were given a limited possibility of postulating, mainly in social matters. The condition for being a member of the Association was loyalty towards the communist state.
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