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PL
Artykuł dotyczy możliwości wyłączenia odpowiedzialności karnej artystów za zachowanie realizujące znamiona przestępstwa obrazy uczuć religijnych, a będące przejawem ich ekspresji twórczej. Analizie poddano zaprezentowane dotychczas koncepcje tzw. pozaustawowego kontratypu sztuki. Omówiono również znaczenie przysługującego dziennikarzom uprawnienia do publikowania ujemnych ocen działalności twórczej, zawodowej lub publicznej i jego wpływ na ocenę karalności zachowania obrażającego uczucia religijne. Odniesiono się także do możliwości powołania się, w przypadku przestępstwa obrazy uczuć religijnych, na tzw. kontratyp zgody pokrzywdzonego, w szczególności w sytuacji, gdy pokrzywdzony rozmyślnie i dobrowolnie zapoznaje się z treściami obrażającymi jego uczucia religijne. Rozważanie dogmatyczne uzupełniono prezentacją wyroków sądowych dotyczących analizowanych kwestii.
EN
The article focuses on possible exclusion of the criminal liability of artists for their conduct bearing the hallmarks of the crime of insulting religious feelings which is a manifestation of their creative expression. It includes analysis of the notion of a “lawful excuse” for thearts postulated to date. The article also discusses the importance of the right enjoyed by journalists to publish critical appraisals of creative, professional and public activities and its impact on the assessment of the punishability of conduct insulting religious feelings. Further, references are made to possibly evoking, in the case of the crime of insulting religious feelings, to the “justification of the injured party’sconsent”, in particular when the injured party becomes familiar with content insulting their religious feelings intentionally and voluntarily. Dogmatic considerations have been supplemented with a presentation of court rulings pertaining to the matters discussed in the article.
EN
Form of an artistic expression, satire has been present in human’s life for ages. It has many varieties and forms. From the very beginning its practitioners have been subjected to the public authorities restrictions and have been getting into trouble with the ones who became objects of the artist projections. In Polish regulation – law, there is a justification of admissible satire, covered by the article 41 of the press law, witch is an extension to the justification of admissible criticism, covered by the article 213 of the polish penal code. However, there is no such thing as justification of art. due to this fact, the artist may be fully liable both for violation of personal rights and the offence of defamation.
EN
The offense against religious feelings expressed in the text of Art. 196 of PC is strongly embedded in the constitutional liberties and freedoms and human rights of both the Council of Europe and the European Union. Freedom of conscience and religion, which originated in the wording of Art. 196 of PC remains in antinomy to other constitutional values protected by both international acts such as freedom of expression, freedom of artistic expression, the freedom to teach and freedom to enjoy cultural heritage. This requires balancing the content of these freedoms. At present stage there is yet no way to resolve the alleged doctrine of countertype of art.
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