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EN
The article shows specificity of qualitative research using interview techniques in an analysis of professional careers of women in Poland. It focuses in particular on the individual indepth interview and narrative interview, their similarities as well as their drawbacks and ways of applying them in analyses of women’s functioning in their professional lives. The article presents specific studies in which these techniques have been applied and shows when and to what extent they contributed to obtaining interesting results. Other issues raised in the article involve: deliberate resignation from anonymity while using these techniques and including gender sensitivity in a result analysis. As for the traps related to analysis of data obtained using these two types of interviews, specific focus was put on the time of conducting such interviews, which results in subjectivity of the analyzed research material.
EN
The issue of the presence of women on the labor market is becoming increasingly important. The most interesting problem for the authors of the article and at the same time the main aim of it, was to analyze how the annual period of the maternity leave influenced the situation of women in their workplaces and their career model. To answer the mentioned above question a pilot study has been done. A lot of valuable conclusions are presented in this article. One of the most important is that changes in the labor law did not influence significantly the situation of women on the labor market in Poland.
PL
Artykuł pokazuje, jak proces emancypacji postrzegały ówczesne pisarki minorum gentium, a pośrednio – także ich czytelniczki, z których oczekiwaniami autorki niewątpliwie się liczyły. Tekst dotyczy fragmentu całego zjawiska – szans bohaterek ośmiu wybranych powieści na zdobycie wykształcenia umożliwiającego im funkcjonowanie na tych obszarach rynku pracy, które zarezerwowane lub zdominowane były dotąd przez mężczyzn. Wyróżniono trzy drogi zdobycia niezależności: 1) przygotowanie do zawodu, dającego pewną możliwość podjęcia pracy zarobkowej; 2) kształcenie artystyczne; 3) naukę niejako „dla siebie”, z motywów autotelicznych. Prezentowany artykuł szczegółowo omawia pierwszą z owych dróg, poczynając od planów i oczekiwań bohaterek, poprzez okres studiów, aż do momentu podjęcia pracy zawodowej.
EN
The article shows how the process of emancipation has been perceived by the minor (‘minorum gentium’) female novelists of the time, and indirectly – by their female readers, whose expectations surely did matter to the authors. The text concerns a fragment of a larger phenomenon – the chances of gaining an education which would allow the heroines of eight selected novels to function in the areas of job market previously occupied mostly or solely by men. Three different ways of gaining independence were distinguished: 1) learning a profession which would ensure a gainful employment; 2) artistic education; 3) an education, as it were, ‘for oneself’, without any further plans. In the following paper I have concentrated on the first of the abovementioned paths, starting from the plans and expectations of the heroines, through the period of studies up to the moment of starting work.
XX
The author reflects on two important issues related to the economy of women’s labour market. The first one is associated with women’s motivation with respect to their employment – whether they wish to be vocationally active or passive – and what the reasons for their choices are. The other issue concerns women’s attitudes to equal rights at home and at work or, in other words, their attitude to discrimination. 160 women were surveyed. It turned out that regardless of the economic standing of their household, they exhibit pro-employment attitudes. The results confirmed the hypothesis that the majority of women work because the occupational sphere is often as important as family and home duties. Most of the surveyed women are convinced that discrimination of women does exist in Poland, more frequently at work than at home.
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