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Barbara Hammer’s History Lessons as a documentary utopia

100%
Talarczyk-Gubała M.
Images. The International Journal of European Film, Performing Arts and Audiovisual Communication
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2017
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vol. 21
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issue 30
PL
This article is devoted to the third part of Barbara Hammer’s documentary trilogy, History Lessons. The author analyzes and interprets the form and message of this post-queer essay, with the aim of describing its formula in relation to the mockumentary and found-footage film conventions. She goes back to the pioneer of found footage in the history of world cinema, Esfir Shub, and the position of women in production culture. She refers to Hammer’s debut film, Dyketactics (1974), to describe Hammer’s artistic and political tactic, consisting of intercepting images of women, rooted in visual history, and the subversive quotation of these images against the idea and context of the original. Dyketactics in History Lessons is about quoting archival materials from the genres of documentary, popular science and pornography with the aim of writing the history of the lives of lesbians in the US from the period before the Stonewall riots, where there is very little coverage of the story. The falsifying of archival materials through the editing manipulation of imagery and sound paradoxically uncovers not so much the truth about the lives of lesbians, as what seems to be hidden in images created with a completely different aim than telling the herstory of American women of various orientations and races.
2
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Liberté, égalité, sororité. Kobiece gatunki cielesne i francuskie „ekstremistki”

72%
Stańczyk M.
Literatura i Kultura Popularna
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2018
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vol. 24
97 - 112
EN
In the essay Film Bodies: Gender, Genre, and Excess, Linda Williams coins the concept of body genres. These genres include melodrama, horror and porn, which are linked through their impact on the spectator’s body and intensifying viewing experiences. According to Williams, these three film genres emphasize the notion of spectacle, but they place the female body in its centre. The female body is moving and is being moved, which causes its vulnerability to the hegemony of the male gaze. But we can conduct research from a feminist perspective and find films that simultaneously tell about a visceral excess and develop an intellectual transgression through the body. The best example of this tendency is the New French Extremity, precisely the female directors such as Catherine Breillat, Mariny de Van or Virginie Despentes. They maximize the somatic spectacle in their films, which annihilates the pleasure that the male spectator derives from the fetishized female body.
3
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Agnès Varda amidst Images Sensuous Theory and Strategies of Resistance in Feminist Cinema

72%
Kwiatkowska P.
Władza sądzenia
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2018
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issue 14
56-72
EN
Sensuous theory has enriched the way in which we now analyze the multisensory film image as well as the embodied experience of the film viewer. Questions about the corporeality and sensuousness of the director, however, are addressed much less frequently from this perspective. Yet it is precisely this aspect that strikes me as particularly interesting, as it allows us to revisit the issue of the creative strategies employed by women in the cinema, and to pose questions about the meaning and status of the sensuous involvement of the female director in the production of her film. Does her corporeality, her physiological and sensory experience affect how the character are created, how the world is depicted, or, more significantly, the very matter of the film image? Can this involvement also become a conscious tactic of resistance against the dominant narrative and visual structures of “male cinema”? Taking these questions as my point of departure, I focus on the film of Agnès Varda The Beaches of Agnès (Les plages d’Agnès, 2008), which may be regarded as a statement that is just as personal and self-referential as it is possible to universalize. Varda uses the film as a way to examine her own life and art in the context of the history of cinema in the latter half of the 20th century, paying particular attention to the French New Wave, auteur cinema, independent film, and politically and socially engaged cinema. In The Beaches of Agnès Varda reiterates questions about her own status as a female director, accentuating the corporeal, sensuous, and affective connections with the film image, filmed objects, people, and places, the film crew, and, ultimately, the cinema as such.
4

Feministyczna narratologia filmowa. Sporo pytań i kilka odpowiedzi

58%
Szczekała B.
Kwartalnik Filmowy
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2022
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issue 119 (Nowa) teoria filmu
78-99
PL
Artykuł stanowi wprowadzenie do feministycznej narratologii filmowej: zarysowuje jej cele i wyzwania, wymienia narzędzia, nakreśla wstępnie możliwości operacjonalizacji i mapuje użyteczność analityczną. Feministyczna narratologia filmowa rozumiana jest tutaj jako subdyscyplina narratologii badająca zarówno narracje tworzone przez kobiety, jak i narracje o kobietach. Podkreślony jest jej aspekt metakrytyczny i rewizjonistyczny jako refleksji służącej zdemaskowaniu złudnego (męskiego) uniwersalizmu w tradycyjnych i strukturalistycznych propozycjach teorii opowiadania. Narratologia feministyczna osadzona zostaje w kontekście innych narratologii, przede wszystkim korporalnej (Punday, Stańczyk), naturalnej (Fludernik), kognitywnej (Bordwell, Branigan), transmedialnej i postklasycznej (Herman). Jedną z głównych kategorii stosowanych w tekście jest pojęcie doświadczeniowości (Fludernik), zgodnie z którym narracja jest w stanie reprodukować rzeczywiste ludzkie doświadczenia.
EN
The article serves as an introduction to feminist film narratology, outlining its goals, challenges, analytical tools, and the initial operationalization and analytical utility. Feminist film narratology is understood as a sub-discipline of narratology which concerns both narratives created by women and narratives on women. The metacritical and revisionist aspect of feminist film narratology is emphasized as a critical reflection serving to expose the illusory (male) universalism in traditional and structuralist propositions of narrative theory. Feminist film narratology is set in the context of other variations of narratology, primarily: corporeal (Punday, Stańczyk), natural (Fludernik), cognitive (Bordwell, Branigan), transmedial, and postclassical (Herman). One of the main categories used in the text is the concept of experientiality (Fludernik), according to which the narrative is capable of reproducing actual human experiences. This includes specifically women’s experiences related to socio-cultural inequality and bodily affect.
5
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Kino kobiet jako zjawisko w najnowszej kinematografii rosyjskiej

58%
Wąsala P.
Rusycystyczne Studia Literaturoznawcze
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2022
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vol. 32
1-19
RU
Целью статьи является попытка уловить и описать новейшее российское кино женщин как явление на фоне происходящих в мировом кинематографе с начала второго десятилетия XXI века изменений, то есть увеличения количества женщин за камерой. Характерной чертой этого феномена является его сложность и разнообразие, проявляющееся, в частности, в выборе тем и стилистических средств. В статье обращено внимание на многочисленные - внутренние и внешние - аспекты рабочего процесса, влияющие на картины женщин-режиссеров, такие как установка действия фильма в широко понимаемой провинции, стремление к подлинности (реализованное, например, в выборе языка, на котором говорят герои) или самодостаточность, и восприятие их творчества как авторского кино. Наконец, на примере конкретных фильмов представлены важнейшие тематические направления, доминирующие в кинематографе женщин, сосредоточенные вокруг человека, его идентичности, интимности и взаимоотношений с природой.
EN
In this article Piotr Wąsala’s aim is to describe the phenomenon of the latest Russian women’s cinema against a significant change that started at the beginning of the second decade of 21st century, i.e., a significant increase in thenumber of women directors. The phenomenon is characterised by a diversity in movie themes and forms of expressions. Wąsala focuses on numerous aspects that have an impact on directors’ works, in particular setting the film plan in the backwoods, the pursuit of authenticity (for example in dialogues), self-sufficiency and the directors themselves, who are regarded as auteurs. Finally, Wąsala analyses a selection of films representative of this phenomenon by focusing on the main themes such as the representation of human individuals, their identity, intimacy and connection with nature.
PL
Cel artykułu stanowi próba uchwycenia i opisania zjawiska, jakim jest najnowsze rosyjskie kino kobiet, na tle zmiany zachodzącej od początku drugiej dekady XXI wieku w kinematografii światowej, tj. wzrostu liczby kobiet, które stają za kamerą. Cechami charakterystycznymi owego fenomenu są jego wielowymiarowość oraz różnorodność, co przejawia się m.in. w doborze tematów i środków stylistycznych. W artykule zwrócono uwagę na liczne czynniki wewnątrz- i okołofilmowe mające wpływ na dzieła reżyserek, takie jak osadzenie akcji filmu na szeroko rozumianej prowincji, dążenie do autentyczności (urzeczywistniające się np. w języku, którego używają bohaterowie) czy samowystarczalność, a także odbiór ich twórczości jako kina autorskiego. Na koniec na przykładzie konkretnych tytułów przybliżono najważniejsze obszary tematyczne kina kobiet, skupione wokół człowieka, jego tożsamości, intymności i relacji z naturą.
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