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First women in parliaments and governments in Central Europe

100%

Halász I.

Central European Papers

2024

vol. 12

issue 1

9-27

The study focuses on the first women MPs and ministers in Central Europe. Before the First World War, the women’s suffrage movement had also emerged here, but had not yet achieved any great success. The real turning point for women’s representation came with the First World War. In 1918 and 1919, women throughout the region were granted the right to vote and to elect representatives at parliamentary level. In Austria, and in part of Czechoslovakia, it was mainly women from the Social Democratic movement who played a decisive role. In these two countries, the proportions were similar in the early years. Women elected to the first Polish parliament were more mixed. Most of them came from the Polish independence movement and generally had intellectual family backgrounds. By contrast, the majority of the Austrian Social Democrat women MPs were indeed from working-class backgrounds. In the conservative Hungary between the two world wars, there were also women members of parliament, but in very limited numbers. This was probably related to the particularities of the system and society of the time. Finally, the study also deals with women in government (ministers, state secretaries). Here again, it was mainly women from the left who played a pioneering role.

„Dzieci w widowisku mężczyzn”? Realizacja biernego prawa wyborczego przez kobiety z województw południowo-wschodnich II Rzeczypospolitej

72%

Pudłocki T.

Prace Historyczne

2016

vol. 144

issue 1

177-197

On November 28, 1918, Chief of State Józef Piłsudski signed a decree prepared by the government of Jędrzej Moraczewski granting active and passive voting rights to women. At the same time, throughout the whole interwar period, civil law remained contrary to the principle of gender equality enshrined in the Constitution of March 1921. It resulted from the provisions of the legal codes of pre-war empires and was under requisition until 1939. Moreover, it is worth remembering that in the world of distribution and power relations, connections and distinguishing the “assigned” roles of male and female were more important than equality in parliamentary elections. The author of the article tries to show that there was a huge gap between the law and the actual political practice during the whole period. He examines pre-election calls for voting articles, reports from political meetings as well as articles on suffrage written by men and women. Different political parties had one thing in common – women were treated by their representatives as a beautification of politics, not as equal partners. It appears that not only men believed that they were better prepared for public world offices – the majority of women, even from the upper classes, shared this vision. The example of the south-eastern provinces of the Second Polish Republic shows huge conservatism of the elite’s mentality.

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1 Halász I.

1 Pudłocki T.

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First women in parliaments and governments in Central Europe

„Dzieci w widowisku mężczyzn”? Realizacja biernego prawa wyborczego przez kobiety z województw południowo-wschodnich II Rzeczypospolitej