Search results

1

Einige Beobachtungen zur Stellung der Verben im Verbalkomplex im Nebensatz im Deutschen und im Niederländischen

100%

Jarosińska E.

Acta Philologica

|

2015

|

issue 46

46-50

PL

Przedmiotem artykułu są wybrane aspekty tworzenia grup czasownikowych w zdaniu podrzędnym w dwóch pokrewnych językach – niemieckim i niderlandzkim. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na podobieństwa i różnice występujące w obu językach w odniesieniu do problemu szyku czasowników w grupach czasownikowych.

EN

The article presents selected aspects of verb phrases in the subordinate clause in two related languages – German and Dutch. It discusses both the similarities and differences in the two languages with respect to word order in verb phrases.

2

On Word Order and Its Relation to Genres of Old Czech Literature

80%

Navrátilová O.

Listy filologické (Folia philologica)

|

2017

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vol. 140

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issue 1-2

71-89

EN

The paper focuses on a phenomenon that has not been systematically studied in Czech paleo-bohemistics so far – how the word order behaviour of possessive pronouns in noun phrases (NP) is related to genres of Old Czech literary texts. The word order analysis of the excerpted data has shown that the word order of possessive pronouns in Old Czech NPs largely depends on the individual style of the author and on the genre of the text. One can therefore probably assume that the word order behaviour of possessives in Old Czech NPs was considerably affected by style. Our research has thus also confirmed what is often mentioned in connection with the texts of the first and second Old Czech biblical redactions: one of the typical features of the new translation of the New Testament of the second biblical redaction (unlike the oldest translation) is its dominant tendency to preserve the original Latin structures in the translated text. In terms of word order, this adherence to the Vulgate results in a dominant tendency to put the modifying (adnominal) components of the NP to the post-nominal position. It is therefore likely that the post-nominal position of possessive pronouns, which had been probably activated by the word order in Latin, was used for stylistic reasons.

3

An Experimental Approach to Basic Word Order in Turkish Intransitives

80%

Arik E.

Psychology of Language and Communication

|

2016

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vol. 20

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issue 1

73-91

EN

This study offers an experimental perspective to investigate the word order and animacy effects of intransitives in Turkish, an agglutinative language with a canonical, flexible Subject-Object-Verb order. Four experiments were conducted to investigate a total of 528 Turkish speakers’ acceptability judgments using rating scales (Experiments 1 and 3; 7-point Likert scales) and forced choice tasks (Experiments 2 and 4; choosing one of two sentences) for various orders of linguistic forms in a simple intransitive sentence. Results from scalar acceptability judgments showed that there were significant main effects of order and subject, indicating that participants gave significantly higher ratings to SV sentences than VS sentences and that their ratings changed significantly according to the animacy of the subjects. Results from the forced choice tasks showed that participants preferred SV sentences to VS sentences. These findings suggest that Turkish speakers prefer SV order over VS order even though both are readily available.

4

Ale však – však ale v dějinách češtiny

80%

Kosek P.

Naše řeč (Our Speech)

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2013

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vol. 96

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issue 4

181-197

EN

The subject of this study consists of two compound connectives, „ale však“ and „však ale“, (“but however” and “however but”) which were present in older forms of the Czech language and which persisted into the National Revival era, but which were eventually rejected by modern Czech. The study focuses on the order of the two components of the connectives. The author analyzed data from secondary literature, old grammars of Czech, diachronic corpora and a private corpus of Baroque Czech texts. On the basis of this analysis, it was found that the change in the order from „ale však“ to „však ale“ took place in the 18th century (after 1710). This change is connected to the fact that 1) „ale“ began to fill non-initial positions in the clause from the 18th century onwards, and 2) „však“ was not an enclitic. The rapid spread of „však ale“ dates from the 18th century and it continued during the National Revival period. This can be viewed as evidence of the uninterrupted continuity of Standard Czech between the Baroque period and the National Revival. If Standard Czech had experienced a hiatus between these two periods – as is traditionally assumed – only the form „ale však“ would have occurred in the language of the first half of the 19th century.

5

Acquisition of Structures at Syntax-Discourse Interface: Post-Verbal Subjects in L2 English

80%

Mitkovska L., Bužarovska E., Stojanovska-Ilievska N.

Theory and Practice of Second Language Acquisition

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2023

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vol. 9

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issue 2

1-22

EN

The present study explores the acceptability of postverbal subjects by intermediate and advanced L2 English learners with L1 Macedonian, a pro-drop Slavic language with rich verbal morphology. The two languages differ regarding the distribution of subject-verb inversion (SVI): in Macedonian, it is a default pattern in thetic sentences, but English severely restricts SVI to specific contexts. To test the hypothesis that Macedonian learners encounter difficulties in acquisition of English SVI because of crosslinguistic influence, a grammaticality judgement and correction task was administered to two groups of Macedonian learners of English and a control group of English native speakers. The results revealed that L2 learners find English VS sentences and VS + it-insertion examples more acceptable than the native speakers, but the performance of the advanced group is closer to the native speakers than to the intermediate learners. Both non-native groups accept more readily inappropriate English sentences that conform to typical L1 structures.

6

Szyk wyrażeń jako cecha dystynktywna w polu komentarzy metatekstowych: [Adv] mówiąc, _ vs Mówiąc [Adv], _

80%

Żabowska M.

Poradnik Językowy

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2020

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vol. 778

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issue 9

21-37

EN

The aim of this paper is to point to word order as a property differentiating linguistic entities in the class of metacommentaries. This property was not recognised in earlier analyses of quasi-participial structures with adverbs. As a result of the analyses, two arrangements have been distinguished, i.e. [Adv] mówiąc ([Adv] speaking) and mówiąc [Adv] (speaking [Adv]), which – along with linear and prosodic features – differ in terms of the following properties: a) syntactic and semantic, i.e. the set and form of adverbs, acceptable adverbial transformations, coexistence with negation; b) functional, i.e. the resultant of a quasi-participial operation vs. metatextual unit of the system, possibility to elide an adverb.

7

Badania szyku wyrazów w językoznawstwie i glottodydaktyce polonistycznej

80%

Stasieczel-Górna M.

Język Polski

|

2018

|

vol. 98

|

issue 2

96-104

PL

Artykuł stanowi próbę oceny statusu problematyki szyku w nauczaniu języka polskiego jako obcego. W tym celu dokonano przeglądu publikacji polskich językoznawców dotyczących szyku wyrazów, które ukazywały się od początku XX w. Następnie przeanalizowano artykuły naukowe czynnych glottodydaktyków odnoszące się do sposobów nauczania szyku wyrazów oraz miejsca tych zagadnień w procesie glottodydaktycznym. Zakończenie artykułu stanowi zwięzła prezentacja własnych badań autorki.

EN

The article is an attempt to evaluate the status of word order problems in teaching Polish as a foreign language. The starting point is a part presenting the current state of research in the field in Polish linguistics. The author presents collected critical voices of scientists who are also active Polish language teachers on how the issues concerning word order are taken into account in the process of teaching Polish as a foreign language. The last part of the article contains a concise presentation of the author’s own research.

8

Semantics and Pragmatics of Non-Canonical Word Order in South Asian Languages: oflag- ‘Begin’ as an Attitude-Marker in Hindi-Urdu

80%

Hook P.

Lingua Posnaniensis

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2011

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vol. 53

|

issue 2

25-34

EN

This paper examines possible motivations for departures from canonical clause-final word order observed for the finite verb in Hindi-Urdu and other modern Indo-Aryan languages. Depiction of speaker attitude in Premchand's novel godān and the imperatives of journalistic style in TV newscasts are shown to be prime factors. The emergence of V-2 word-order in Kashmiri and other Himalayan languages may have had a parallel history.

9

The Arabic quantifier "kull"

70%

Abdel-Ghafer O.

Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics

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2015

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vol. 51

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issue 2

177-201

EN

This paper seeks to analyze the internal structure of "kull" structures and hence the asymmetries that arise in the context of such structures in Modern Standard Arabic. It is argued that "kull"-initial and "kull"-final are derivationally unrelated. Drawing on a number of structural asymmetries, the quantifier is argued to project into a quantifier phrase which is merged inside a determiner phrase. The difference between quantifier-initial and quantifier-final structures relates to the position where the quantifier phrase is merged. In quantifier-initial structures, the quantifier phrase is argued to be merged as the complement of the determiner while in quantifier-final structures, the quantifier phrase is argued to be adjoined to DP. Within this context, syntactic as well as semantic conse-quences result from the initial merge of the quantifier phrase.

10

Iconische, taalkundige en pragmatische volgordes in het Nederlands. Met speciale aandacht voor het Frans

70%

Pekelder J.

Neerlandica Wratislaviensia

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2018

|

vol. 28

33-45

EN

This contribution is methodological in nature. We aim to address the question of the nature of the parameters underlying word order in Dutch with particular reference to French. We assume that there are basically three parameters to consider: an iconic parameter, a linguistic parameter and a pragmatic parameter. The iconic parameter concerns the projection of general human habits on the word order. The linguistic parameter is related to the word orders which mark language-specific but situation-free syntactic or semantic relations between word groups. Finally, the pragmatic parameter addresses the link between the communicative situation and the language-dependent word order phenomena.

11

Interpretacja "w czasie rzeczywistym": struktura tematyczno-rematyczna a teoria relewancji

70%

Sax D. J.

Linguistica Copernicana

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2012

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issue 2(8)

173-203

EN

The paper examines the relationship between the abstractly understood Thematic-Rhematic Structure (TRS) of utterances, a theoretical approach initiated by Bogusławski (1977), and the "online" processing and interpretation of utterances in real time by the hearer. Focusin on three Polish examples, we propose a more dynamic approach to TRS based on ideas from Relevance Theory (Sperber and Wilson 1995), and redefine the notions "theme" and "rheme" in dynamic terms, from hearer's perspective. We present a formalis for modeling how the multi-level nature of TRS emerges out of real-time processing mechanisms: different theme-rheme divisions may arise at different (earlier or later) stages of processing. A main claim is that presuppositional and stylistic effects related to the flexibility of sentence stress position and word order in Polish can be explained well in such a dynamic model. On the sub-utterance level, both stress position and word order ("exponents" of TSR) serve to guide the hearer's investment of effort into positing and verifying hypotheses about the explicit and implicit content of the utterance as a whole, while processing by the hearer is still underway.

12

Looking for structure: Is the two-word stage of langugae development in apes and human children the same of different?

70%

Patkowski M.

Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching

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2014

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vol. 4

|

issue 3

507-528

EN

Previously published corpora of two-word utterances by three chimpanzees and three human children were compared to determine whether, as has been claimed, apes possess the same basic syntactic and semantic capacities as 2-year old children. Some similarities were observed in the type of semantic relations expressed by the two groups; however, marked contrasts were also uncovered. With respect to the major syntactic mechanism displayed in two-word child language, namely word order, statistically significant differences were found in all three comparisons that were tested. These results indicate that chimpanzees do not exhibit the linguistic capacities of 2-year old children.

13

The dative alternation in Danish and Polish – A learners perspective

70%

Kizach J., Mathiasen T.

Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics

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2013

|

vol. 49

487-507

EN

Three experiments investigating how two groups of adult Polish learners of Danish as a foreign language acquire the Danish dative alternation are reported. Experiment 1 is a speeded acceptability judgment task, which shows that Group 1 has the same pattern as native speakers i.e. slower responses to the dispreffered new-given NP-constructions, but no givenness effect with the PP-constructions. Experiment 2 shows that Group 2 also have acquired this pattern, even though earlier research suggests that the givenness asymmetry in the dative alternation is hard to learn. Experiment 3 shows that even in Polish there is a givenness asymmetry, such that the given–new order is clearly preferred in the NP-construction, but less so in the PP-construction. The rapid acquisition of the Danish pattern could thus be explained by Polish having the same pattern. In short: Both Polish and Danish have a givenness asymmetry in the dative alternation, which could explain why Polish learners of Danish in both groups behave almost like native Danish speakers.

14

Cohesion in Polish-English Translation and Its Implications for Translator Training

70%

Lewandowski M.

Research in Language

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2020

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vol. 18

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issue 2

219-233

EN

This paper focuses on the ways of maintaining cohesive links in the translation process in the Polish-English language pair. Of primary interest is how the thematic/rhematic structure of Polish sentences can be successfully rendered in English to produce cohesive, natural-sounding and communicative target texts with a proper information flow. These aspects have implications for translation teaching. It has been observed that, in view of the differences between Polish and English word order, university students at the start of their translator training experience two general problems as they attempt to translate longer stretches of text into English: (1) they produce cohesive passages, which contain errors in word order (due to syntactic interference from Polish) or (2) they produce grammatically correct sentences, which, however, form incohesive passages (i.e. ones in which the thematic/rhematic progression is not retained) with an inappropriate information structure. For this reason, students need to become acquainted with some practical solutions that help build cohesion in Polish-English translation. These include (1) shifts from active to passive, (2) other shifts in syntactic functions, (3) fronting, and (4) inventing sentence subjects out of broader context.

15

Looking for structure: Is the two-word stage of language development in apes and human children the same or different?

70%

Patkowski M.

Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching

|

2014

|

vol. 4

|

issue 3

507-528

EN

Previously published corpora of two-word utterances by three chimpanzees and three human children were compared to determine whether, as has been claimed, apes possess the same basic syntactic and semantic capacities as 2-year old children. Some similarities were observed in the type of semantic relations expressed by the two groups; however, marked contrasts were also uncovered. With respect to the major syntactic mechanism displayed in two-word child language, namely word order, statistically significant differences were found in all three comparisons that were tested. These results indicate that chimpanzees do not exhibit the linguistic capacities of 2-year old children.

16

Clitic doubling of the proposed direct object in Bulgarian

70%

Ovcharova B.

Slavia Meridionalis

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2018

|

vol. 18

EN

Clitic doubling of the proposed direct object in Bulgarian The presence or absence of accusative clitic doubling in Bulgarian clauses with direct object preposing serves grammatical or pragmatic purposes and falls within the discussion on word order, in particular the analysis of clauses exhibiting marked word order.Grammatical doubling occurs in clauses where the clitics are part of the verb’s morphological make-up and in clauses where the clitics serve as case markers for disambiguating the syntactic function of the initial noun phrase (NP). Pragmatic clitic doubling does not affect the clause grammaticality or in terms of semantics: it serves as a topicality marker, signaling the discourse-old status of the preposed NPs’ referents or is used to activate such referents. Pragmatic clitic doubling may occur with focused discourse-old NPs, which at first sight may appear as an inconsistency: one would expect that the topic and focus should be identified differently. In Bulgarian pragmatic accusative clitic doubling is not admissible only when the preposed NP realizes contrastive, emphatic focus. Podwajanie klityki zaimkowej dopełnienia bliższego w języku bułgarskim Podwajanie klityki zaimkowej dopełnienia bliższego w języku bułgarskim (jej obecność lub brak) służy funkcji gramatycznej lub pragmatycznej i wiąże się z zagadnieniem szyku wyrazów, zwłaszcza we frazach nacechowanych na szyk.Repryza występuje w funkcji gramatycznej w wyrażeniach, w których klityki stanowią część frazy werbalnej i służą ujednoznacznieniu funkcji składniowej frazy nominalnej, występującej w pozycji inicjalnej w zdaniu. Czynniki pragmatyczne nie naruszają kształtu gramatycznego czy semantyki frazy: pragmatyczne podwajanie służy topikalizacji, sygnalizując status referenta poprzedzającej frazy nominalnej, lub służy do aktywacji takiego referenta. Pragmatyczna repryza może wystąpić po frazie nominalnej, która jest specjalnie wyróżniona (in focus), co na pierwszy rzut oka może się wydawać niekonsekwencją: oczekiwalibyśmy raczej, że temat (topic) i fokus (specjalny akcent) powinny być identyfikowane językowo w sposób różny. W języku bułgarskim pragmatyczne podwajanie obiektu jest niedopuszczalne jedynie wówczas, gdy poprzedzająca fraza nominalna służy funkcji kontrastywnej, tj. wyrażaniu specjalnej emfazy.

17

Линеаризација на именските синтагми во простата реченица на македонскиот јазик наспрема останатите словенски јазици (теорија и методи на опис)

61%

Миленковска [Milenkovska] С. S.

Slavia Meridionalis

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2010

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vol. 10

EN

Linearization of NP in simple sentences in Macedonian compared with other Slavic languagesThis article focuses on the possible marked variants of the unmarked word order SVO (Subject, Verb, Object) in simple sentences in Macedonian (as an analytic language) compared with simple sentences in the predominant part of the Slavic languages (with synthetic declension).It also presents theories used as a basis for the analysis of the order of sentence components (represented by NPs), as well as methods applied in course of the collection and analysis of the relevant examples.

18

Word Order and Composition of Lyrical Discourse

61%

Zeldowicz G.

Slavia Orientalis

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2019

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vol. LXVIII

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issue 2

19

„Zdejmij okulary różowe!” – błędy w szyku zdania w polszczyźnie studentów ukraińskojęzycznych

51%

Izdebska-Długosz D.

Filologia Polska. Roczniki Naukowe Uniwersytetu Zielonogórskiego

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2022

|

vol. 8

37-48

EN

The article presents a syntax error made by Ukrainian-speaking learners of Polish. Word order errors have been divided into a few smaller categories. From the perspective of effective communication, word order errors do not hinder the mutual understanding of the interlocutors. Therefore, course books and other Polish as a Foreign Language teaching aids marginalise the question of word order in Polish. However, those errors are deeply rooted in language interference, as they are a type of syntactic calques and are prone to become fossilised. Furthermore, they coincide with an unintended stylisation effect, drollery, oddity or abnormality. Thus, including word order exercises in a standard set of grammar exercises seems to be necessary. The article presents a couple of exercises of such type deriving from the author’s latest publication for East Slavs.

PL

W artykule przedstawia się jeden z typów błędów składniowych popełnianych w języku polskim przez studentów ukraińskojęzycznych. Są to błędy szyku wyrazów w zdaniu, w podziale na kilka mniejszych kategorii. Błędy szyku z czysto komunikacyjnego punktu widzenia nie zagrażają wzajemnemu porozumieniu się rozmówców, dlatego zagadnienia szyku w polszczyźnie są marginalizowane w podręcznikach i innych materiałach nauczania języka polskiego jako obcego. Tymczasem błędy te są wybitnie interferencyjne, stanowią typ kalek składniowych i jako takie mogą łatwo ulegać fosylizacji. Ponadto przynoszą one niezamierzony przez nadawcę efekt stylizacyjny, komiczność czy też wrażenie dziwności, nienaturalności. Wydaje się zatem celowe włączenie ćwiczeń doskonalących umiejętność stosowania właściwego szyku wyrazów w zdaniu do stałego zestawu zadań gramatycznych. W artykule zaprezentowano kilka ćwiczeń tego typu z najnowszej autorskiej publikacji dla Słowian wschodnich.

20

Slovosled pronominálních forem »mi«, »ti«, »si«, »ho«, »mu« v »Bibli kralické« a otázka míry vlivu původníchpředloh

51%

NAVRÁTILOVÁ O., KOSEK P., ČECH R., HORÁK M.

Bohemistyka

|

2020

|

issue 4

453-478

EN

The present study focuses on the word order of the pronominal enclitics mi, ti, si, ho, mu in selected books of the Old and New Testaments of the Kralice Bible. It focuses mainly on the distribution of individual forms within two competing positions, i.e., the post-initial position and contact position. The paper concentrates on non-post-initial positions of enclitics in the Kralice Bible, which are significantly less frequent than the post-initial positions and are in fact variants of the contact position. In the article, we try to pinpoint the extent to which the word order of the original texts (Latin, possibly Hebrew and Greek) influences the word order of the translations, the less frequent enclitics positions in particular. We look at Old and New Testaments separately, given that they are based on different languages.

CS

Tato studie se zaměřuje na popis slovosledu pronominálních enklitik mi, ti, si, ho, mu ve vybraných knihách Starého a Nového zákona Bible kralické. Zaměřuje se hlavně na distribuci jednotlivých forem dvou konkurenčních pozic, tj. postiniciální pozice a pozice kontaktní. Příspěvek se zaměřuje na nepostiniciální pozice enklitik v Bibli kralické, které jsou výrazně méně časté než postiniciální pozice a ve skutečnosti jsou variantami pozice kontaktní. V článku se pokoušíme určit, do jaké míry slovosled původních textů (latinského, možná hebrejského a řeckého) ovlivňuje pořadí slov v překladu, zejména méně časté enklitické pozice. Díváme se na Starý a Nový zákon jako samostatné a nezávislé texty, protože jsou založeny na různých jazycích.

Refine search results

Einige Beobachtungen zur Stellung der Verben im Verbalkomplex im Nebensatz im Deutschen und im Niederländischen

On Word Order and Its Relation to Genres of Old Czech Literature

An Experimental Approach to Basic Word Order in Turkish Intransitives

Ale však – však ale v dějinách češtiny

Acquisition of Structures at Syntax-Discourse Interface: Post-Verbal Subjects in L2 English

Szyk wyrażeń jako cecha dystynktywna w polu komentarzy metatekstowych: [Adv] mówiąc, _ vs Mówiąc [Adv], _

Badania szyku wyrazów w językoznawstwie i glottodydaktyce polonistycznej

Semantics and Pragmatics of Non-Canonical Word Order in South Asian Languages: oflag- ‘Begin’ as an Attitude-Marker in Hindi-Urdu

The Arabic quantifier "kull"

Iconische, taalkundige en pragmatische volgordes in het Nederlands. Met speciale aandacht voor het Frans

Interpretacja "w czasie rzeczywistym": struktura tematyczno-rematyczna a teoria relewancji

Looking for structure: Is the two-word stage of langugae development in apes and human children the same of different?

The dative alternation in Danish and Polish – A learners perspective

Cohesion in Polish-English Translation and Its Implications for Translator Training

Looking for structure: Is the two-word stage of language development in apes and human children the same or different?

Clitic doubling of the proposed direct object in Bulgarian

Линеаризација на именските синтагми во простата реченица на македонскиот јазик наспрема останатите словенски јазици (теорија и методи на опис)

Word Order and Composition of Lyrical Discourse

„Zdejmij okulary różowe!” – błędy w szyku zdania w polszczyźnie studentów ukraińskojęzycznych

Slovosled pronominálních forem »mi«, »ti«, »si«, »ho«, »mu« v »Bibli kralické« a otázka míry vlivu původníchpředloh